Recent Progress, Challenges, and Future Perspectives of Electrochemical Biosensing of Aflatoxins

Overview

Journal Mikrochim Acta

Specialties Biotechnology
Chemistry

Date 2024 Dec 17

PMID 39690256

Authors

Doddanagowada S

Venkata Narayana Palakollu

S V Prabhakar Vattikuti

Jaesool Shim

Naresh Mameda

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Aflatoxins (AFs), produced by fungi, are highly hazardous and classified as mycotoxins. Controlling their levels is of significant concern. This group consists of 20 fungal metabolites, all structurally derived from difuranocoumarin. Exposure to AFs through food can cause critical health issues, such as cancers, deformities, and mutations, posing a significant global public health issue. The inherent dangers of AF exposure necessitate swift and reliable detection techniques to identify its presence in food products. The rise of nanotechnology has opened doors to innovative electrochemical biosensors, offering a promising solution to this pressing issue. This review delves into nanomaterial-based aptasensors, immunosensors, and molecularly imprinted polymers, the predominant electrochemical biosensors developed for AF detection. This paper offers a broad summary of recent advancements in biosensor technology in electrochemical sensing of AFs, alongside challenges to overcome limitations, and future perspectives.

References

Rushing B, Selim M . Aflatoxin B1: A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food, occupational exposure, and detoxification methods. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018; 124:81-100. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.047. View

Ellis W, Smith J, Simpson B, Oldham J . Aflatoxins in food: occurrence, biosynthesis, effects on organisms, detection, and methods of control. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1991; 30(4):403-39. DOI: 10.1080/10408399109527551. View

Aiko V, Mehta A . Occurrence, detection and detoxification of mycotoxins. J Biosci. 2015; 40(5):943-54. DOI: 10.1007/s12038-015-9569-6. View

Okechukwu V, Adelusi O, Kappo A, Njobeh P, Mamo M . Aflatoxins: Occurrence, biosynthesis, mechanism of action and effects, conventional/emerging detection techniques. Food Chem. 2023; 436:137775. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137775. View

Miklos G, Angeli C, Ambrus A, Nagy A, Kardos V, Zentai A . Detection of Aflatoxins in Different Matrices and Food-Chain Positions. Front Microbiol. 2020; 11:1916. PMC: 7480073. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01916. View

Pickova D, Ostry V, Toman J, Malir F . Aflatoxins: History, Significant Milestones, Recent Data on Their Toxicity and Ways to Mitigation. Toxins (Basel). 2021; 13(6). PMC: 8227755. DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060399. View

Sarma U, Bhetaria P, Devi P, Varma A . Aflatoxins: Implications on Health. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2017; 32(2):124-133. PMC: 5382086. DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0649-2. View

Frisvad J, Hubka V, Ezekiel C, Hong S, Novakova A, Chen A . Taxonomy of section and their production of aflatoxins, ochratoxins and other mycotoxins. Stud Mycol. 2018; 93:1-63. PMC: 6080641. DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2018.06.001. View

Varga J, Frisvad J, Samson R . Two new aflatoxin producing species, and an overview of Aspergillus section Flavi. Stud Mycol. 2011; 69(1):57-80. PMC: 3161756. DOI: 10.3114/sim.2011.69.05. View

10.

Xu Y, Gong Y, Routledge M . Aflatoxin exposure assessed by aflatoxin albumin adduct biomarker in populations from six African countries: REVIEW ARTICLE. World Mycotoxin J. 2021; 11(3):411-419. PMC: 7797627. DOI: 10.3920/WMJ2017.2284. View

11.

Hao S, Hu J, Song S, Huang D, Xu H, Qian G . Selenium Alleviates Aflatoxin B₁-Induced Immune Toxicity through Improving Glutathione Peroxidase 1 and Selenoprotein S Expression in Primary Porcine Splenocytes. J Agric Food Chem. 2016; 64(6):1385-93. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05621. View

12.

Lee H, Ryu D . Worldwide Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Cereals and Cereal-Derived Food Products: Public Health Perspectives of Their Co-occurrence. J Agric Food Chem. 2016; 65(33):7034-7051. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04847. View

13.

Raiola A, Tenore G, Manyes L, Meca G, Ritieni A . Risk analysis of main mycotoxins occurring in food for children: An overview. Food Chem Toxicol. 2015; 84:169-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.08.023. View

14.

Pickova D, Ostry V, Malir F . A Recent Overview of Producers and Important Dietary Sources of Aflatoxins. Toxins (Basel). 2021; 13(3). PMC: 7998637. DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030186. View

15.

Zhang W, Zhang S, Zhang M, Yang L, Cheng B, Li J . Individual and combined effects of Fusarium toxins on apoptosis in PK15 cells and the protective role of N-acetylcysteine. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017; 111:27-43. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.057. View

16.

Ezdini K, Ben Salah-Abbes J, Belgacem H, Mannai M, Abbes S . Lactobacillus paracasei alleviates genotoxicity, oxidative stress status and histopathological damage induced by Fumonisin B1 in BALB/c mice. Toxicon. 2020; 185:46-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.06.024. View

17.

Awad W, Ghareeb K, Dadak A, Hess M, Bohm J . Single and combined effects of deoxynivalenol mycotoxin and a microbial feed additive on lymphocyte DNA damage and oxidative stress in broiler chickens. PLoS One. 2014; 9(1):e88028. PMC: 3909330. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088028. View

18.

Sakamoto S, Putalun W, Vimolmangkang S, Phoolcharoen W, Shoyama Y, Tanaka H . Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative/qualitative analysis of plant secondary metabolites. J Nat Med. 2017; 72(1):32-42. PMC: 5775980. DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1144-z. View

19.

Chen Q, Meng M, Li W, Xiong Y, Fang Y, Lin Q . Emerging biosensors to detect aflatoxin M in milk and dairy products. Food Chem. 2022; 398:133848. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133848. View

20.

Hu X, Wei W, Li X, Yang Y, Zhou B . Recent advances in ratiometric electrochemical sensors for food analysis. Food Chem X. 2024; 23:101681. PMC: 11328010. DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101681. View