The Effectiveness of the Low-Glycemic and Insulinemic (LOGI) Regimen in Maintaining the Benefits of the VLCKD in Fibromyalgia Patients

Overview

Journal Nutrients

Date 2024 Dec 17

PMID 39683556

Authors

Giuseppe Castaldo

Carmen Marino

Maria DElia

Manuela Grimaldi

Enza Napolitano

Anna Maria DUrsi

Luca Rastrelli

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disorder that causes damage to the neuro-muscular system and alterations in the intestinal microbiota and affects the psychological state of the patient. In our previous study, we showed that 22 women patients subjected to a specific very low-carbohydrate ketogenic therapy (VLCKD) showed an improvement in clinical scores as well as neurotransmission-related and psychological dysfunctions and intestinal dysbiosis. Furthermore, NMR metabolomic data showed that changes induced by VLCKD treatment were evident in all metabolic pathways related to fibromyalgia biomarkers. : Based on this evidence, we extend our investigation into dietary interventions for fibromyalgia by evaluating the impact of transitioning from a VLCKD to a low-glycemic insulinemic (LOGI) diet over an additional 45-day period. Therefore, participants initially following a VLCKD were transitioned to the LOGI diet after 45 days to determine whether the improvements in FM symptoms and metabolic dysfunctions achieved through VLCKD could be sustained with LOGI. : Our findings suggested that while VLCKD serves as an effective initial intervention for correcting metabolic imbalances and alleviating FM symptoms, transitioning to a LOGI diet offers a practical and sustainable dietary strategy. This transition preserves clinical improvements and supports long-term adherence and quality of life, underscoring the importance of adaptable nutritional therapies in chronic disease management. Control patients who adhered only to the LOGI diet for 90 days showed only modest improvement in clinical and psychological conditions, but not elimination of fibromyalgia symptoms. : In conclusion the LOGI diet is an excellent alternative to maintain the results obtained from the regime VLCKD.

References

Rub A, Tsakmaklis A, Grafe S, Simon M, Vehreschild M, Wuethrich I . Biomarkers of human gut microbiota diversity and dysbiosis. Biomark Med. 2021; 15(2):137-148. DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0353. View

Mukherjee M, Han C, Sukumaran S, Delaney C, Miller M . Effect of anti-inflammatory diets on inflammation markers in adult human populations: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev. 2022; 81(1):55-74. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac045. View

Greengard O, Wolfe J . Cerebral serotonin regulation by phenylalanine analogues and during hyperphenylalaninemia. Biochem Pharmacol. 1987; 36(6):965-70. DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(87)90192-4. View

Kroenke K, Spitzer R, Williams J, Lowe B . The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: a systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2010; 32(4):345-59. DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006. View

Minerbi A, Gonzalez E, Brereton N, Anjarkouchian A, Dewar K, Fitzcharles M . Altered microbiome composition in individuals with fibromyalgia. Pain. 2019; 160(11):2589-2602. DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001640. View

Marino C, Grimaldi M, Sommella E, Ciaglia T, Santoro A, Buonocore M . The Metabolomic Profile in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Changes According to the Progression of the Disease: An Exploratory Study. Metabolites. 2022; 12(9). PMC: 9504184. DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090837. View

Berman B, Swyers J . Complementary medicine treatments for fibromyalgia syndrome. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 1999; 13(3):487-92. DOI: 10.1053/berh.1999.0039. View

Lowry E, Marley J, McVeigh J, McSorley E, Allsopp P, Kerr D . Dietary Interventions in the Management of Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review and Best-Evidence Synthesis. Nutrients. 2020; 12(9). PMC: 7551150. DOI: 10.3390/nu12092664. View

Piras C, Conte S, Pibiri M, Rao G, Muntoni S, Leoni V . Metabolomics and psychological features in fibromyalgia and electromagnetic sensitivity. Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1):20418. PMC: 7686375. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76876-8. View

10.

Castaldo G, Rastrelli L, Galdo G, Molettieri P, Rotondi Aufiero F, Cereda E . Aggressive weight-loss program with a ketogenic induction phase for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis: A proof-of-concept, single-arm, open-label clinical trial. Nutrition. 2020; 74:110757. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110757. View

11.

Simms R, Roy S, Hrovat M, Anderson J, Skrinar G, LePoole S . Lack of association between fibromyalgia syndrome and abnormalities in muscle energy metabolism. Arthritis Rheum. 1994; 37(6):794-800. DOI: 10.1002/art.1780370603. View

12.

Cena H, Calder P . Defining a Healthy Diet: Evidence for The Role of Contemporary Dietary Patterns in Health and Disease. Nutrients. 2020; 12(2). PMC: 7071223. DOI: 10.3390/nu12020334. View

13.

Koelman L, Rodrigues C, Aleksandrova K . Effects of Dietary Patterns on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Immune Responses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr. 2021; 13(1):101-115. PMC: 8803482. DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab086. View

14.

Macchi C, Giachi A, Fichtner I, Pedretti S, Sarzi-Puttini P, Sarzi Puttini P . Mitochondrial function in patients affected with fibromyalgia syndrome is impaired and correlates with disease severity. Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1):30247. PMC: 11618515. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-81298-x. View

15.

Lewis S, Hutchinson M, Zhang Y, Hund D, Maier S, Rice K . Glucuronic acid and the ethanol metabolite ethyl-glucuronide cause toll-like receptor 4 activation and enhanced pain. Brain Behav Immun. 2013; 30:24-32. PMC: 3641160. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.01.005. View

16.

Marino C, Grimaldi M, Sabatini P, Amato P, Pallavicino A, Ricciardelli C . Fibromyalgia and Depression in Women: An 1H-NMR Metabolomic Study. Metabolites. 2021; 11(7). PMC: 8304744. DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070429. View

17.

Castaldo G, Pagano I, Grimaldi M, Marino C, Molettieri P, Santoro A . Effect of Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Psoriasis Patients: A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolomic Study. J Proteome Res. 2020; 20(3):1509-1521. PMC: 8016365. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00646. View

18.

Singh B, Berman B, Hadhazy V, Creamer P . A pilot study of cognitive behavioral therapy in fibromyalgia. Altern Ther Health Med. 1998; 4(2):67-70. View

19.

Becker S, Schweinhardt P . Dysfunctional neurotransmitter systems in fibromyalgia, their role in central stress circuitry and pharmacological actions on these systems. Pain Res Treat. 2011; 2012:741746. PMC: 3195783. DOI: 10.1155/2012/741746. View

20.

Castaldo G, Marino C, Atteno M, DElia M, Pagano I, Grimaldi M . Investigating the Effectiveness of a Carb-Free Oloproteic Diet in Fibromyalgia Treatment. Nutrients. 2024; 16(11). PMC: 11175073. DOI: 10.3390/nu16111620. View