Diabetes Mellitus and Prostate Cancer Risk-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Overview

Journal Cancers (Basel)

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Oncology

Date 2024 Dec 17

PMID 39682196

Authors

Agnieszka Drab

Krystian Wdowiak

Wieslaw Kanadys

Krzysztof Zajaczkowski

Pawel Koczkodaj

Urszula Religioni

Mariola Borowska

Magdalena Los

Macarena Lozano-Lorca

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor worldwide and poses a significant challenge to public health. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the association between diabetes mellitus and the risk of developing prostate cancer.

Methods: We conducted a search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from 1998 to 2024. The risk of bias within the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The DerSimonian-Laird random-effect model was employed for the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was evaluated using a forest plot and statistically assessed via the Q test, I index, and -values.

Results: Forty-three studies involving a total of 3,746,769 patients were included. Both case-control (pOR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.61-0.97; I = 92.24%) and cohort studies (pRR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59-0.99; I = 85.41%) suggest that diabetes mellitus is associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer, though with significant heterogeneity ( < 0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that the risk of developing prostate cancer was significantly higher in patients with a family history of prostate cancer (pRR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.16-1.35; I = 69.51%).

Conclusions: Our meta-analysis of recent observational studies indicates that diabetes mellitus is associated with a reduced risk of developing prostate cancer.

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