Guidance for Evaluating Biomaterials' Properties and Biological Potential for Dental Pulp Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Research

Overview

Journal Dent Mater

Specialty Dentistry

Date 2024 Dec 14

PMID 39674710

Authors

Vinicius Rosa

Bruno Neves Cavalcanti

Jacques E Nor

Arzu Tezvergil-Mutluay

Nikolaos Silikas

Marco C Bottino

Anil Kishen

Diana Gabriela Soares

Cristiane M Franca

Paul Roy Cooper

Henry F Duncan

Jack L Ferracane

David C Watts

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Dental pulp regeneration is a complex and advancing field that requires biomaterials capable of supporting the pulp's diverse functions, including immune defense, sensory perception, vascularization, and reparative dentinogenesis. Regeneration involves orchestrating the formation of soft connective tissues, neurons, blood vessels, and mineralized structures, necessitating materials with tailored biological and mechanical properties. Numerous biomaterials have entered clinical practice, while others are being developed for tissue engineering applications. The composition and a broad range of material properties, such as surface characteristics, degradation rate, and mechanical strength, significantly influence cellular behavior and tissue outcomes. This underscores the importance of employing robust evaluation methods and ensuring precise and comprehensive reporting of findings to advance research and clinical translation.

Aims: This article aims to present the biological foundations of dental pulp tissue engineering alongside potential testing methodologies and their advantages and limitations. It provides guidance for developing research protocols to evaluate the properties of biomaterials and their influences on cell and tissue behavior, supporting progress toward effective dental pulp regeneration strategies.

References

Tsukamoto Y, Fukutani S, Kubota T, Sato S, Suzuki Y, Mori M . Mineralized nodule formation by cultures of human dental pulp-derived fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol. 1992; 37(12):1045-55. DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(92)90037-9. View

Han Y, Gong T, Zhang C, Dissanayaka W . HIF-1α Stabilization Enhances Angio-/Vasculogenic Properties of SHED. J Dent Res. 2020; 99(7):804-812. DOI: 10.1177/0022034520912190. View

Lee M, Seonwoo H, Jang K, Pandey S, Lim J, Park S . Development of novel gene carrier using modified nano hydroxyapatite derived from equine bone for osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Bioact Mater. 2021; 6(9):2742-2751. PMC: 7895645. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.020. View

Xuan K, Li B, Guo H, Sun W, Kou X, He X . Deciduous autologous tooth stem cells regenerate dental pulp after implantation into injured teeth. Sci Transl Med. 2018; 10(455). DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf3227. View

Wang S, Gao X, Gong W, Zhang Z, Chen X, Dong Y . Odontogenic differentiation and dentin formation of dental pulp cells under nanobioactive glass induction. Acta Biomater. 2014; 10(6):2792-803. DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.013. View

Tetzlaff F, Fischer A . Human Endothelial Cell Spheroid-based Sprouting Angiogenesis Assay in Collagen. Bio Protoc. 2021; 8(17):e2995. PMC: 8328656. DOI: 10.21769/BioProtoc.2995. View

Kim Y, Kim W, Bae S, Yang S, Park S, Kim S . Mineral trioxide aggregate-induced AMPK activation stimulates odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. Int Endod J. 2020; 54(5):753-767. DOI: 10.1111/iej.13460. View

Shi X, Hu X, Jiang N, Mao J . Regenerative endodontic therapy: From laboratory bench to clinical practice. J Adv Res. 2024; . DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.001. View

Koutrouli A, Machla F, Arapostathis K, Kokoti M, Bakopoulou A . "Biological responses of two calcium-silicate-based cements on a tissue-engineered 3D organotypic deciduous pulp analogue". Dent Mater. 2024; 40(5):e14-e25. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.024. View

10.

Lopez-Garcia S, Aznar-Cervantes S, Pagan A, Llena C, Forner L, Sanz J . 3D Graphene/silk fibroin scaffolds enhance dental pulp stem cell osteo/odontogenic differentiation. Dent Mater. 2023; 40(3):431-440. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.12.009. View

11.

Duncan H, Cooper P, Smith A . Dissecting dentine-pulp injury and wound healing responses: consequences for regenerative endodontics. Int Endod J. 2019; 52(3):261-266. DOI: 10.1111/iej.13064. View

12.

Yi P, Chen S, Zhao Y, Ku W, Lu H, Yu D . An injectable dental pulp-derived decellularized matrix hydrogel promotes dentin repair through modulation of macrophage response. Biomater Adv. 2024; 161:213883. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213883. View

13.

Bottino M, Pankajakshan D, Nor J . Advanced Scaffolds for Dental Pulp and Periodontal Regeneration. Dent Clin North Am. 2017; 61(4):689-711. PMC: 5657339. DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2017.06.009. View

14.

Phang V, Malhotra R, Chen N, Min K, Yu V, Rosa V . Specimen Shape and Elution Time Affect the Mineralization and Differentiation Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells to Biodentine. J Funct Biomater. 2024; 15(1). PMC: 10816296. DOI: 10.3390/jfb15010001. View

15.

Schmalz G, Schweikl H . Characterization of an in vitro dentin barrier test using a standard toxicant. J Endod. 1994; 20(12):592-4. DOI: 10.1016/S0099-2399(06)80083-X. View

16.

SCHUSTER U, Schmalz G, Thonemann B, Mendel N, Metzl C . Cytotoxicity testing with three-dimensional cultures of transfected pulp-derived cells. J Endod. 2001; 27(4):259-65. DOI: 10.1097/00004770-200104000-00004. View

17.

Casagrande L, Demarco F, Zhang Z, Araujo F, Shi S, Nor J . Dentin-derived BMP-2 and odontoblast differentiation. J Dent Res. 2010; 89(6):603-8. DOI: 10.1177/0022034510364487. View

18.

Simila H, Anselmi C, Cardoso L, Dal-Fabbro R, Beltran A, Bottino M . Sol-gel-derived calcium silicate cement incorporating collagen and mesoporous bioglass nanoparticles for dental pulp therapy. Dent Mater. 2024; 40(11):1832-1842. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.08.006. View

19.

Deng Z, Yan W, Dai X, Chen M, Qu Q, Wu B . N-Cadherin Regulates the Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells via β-Catenin Activity. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021; 9:661116. PMC: 8042212. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.661116. View

20.

Krivanek J, Soldatov R, Kastriti M, Chontorotzea T, Herdina A, Petersen J . Dental cell type atlas reveals stem and differentiated cell types in mouse and human teeth. Nat Commun. 2020; 11(1):4816. PMC: 7511944. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18512-7. View