Household Income and County Income Inequality Are Associated with Financial Hardship Among Cancer Survivors in New Jersey

Overview

Journal J Cancer Surviv

Specialty Oncology

Date 2024 Dec 10

PMID 39658754

Authors

Irina B Grafova

Katie A Devine

Shawna V Hudson

Denalee OMalley

Lisa E Paddock

Elisa V Bandera

Adana A M Llanos

Angela J Fong

Andrew M Evens

Sharon Manne

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose: To examine how household income and county income inequality are linked to financial hardship among cancer survivors.

Methods: Cancer survivors (n = 864) identified through the New Jersey State Cancer Registry were surveyed from August 2018 to January 2022. Local area income inequality was reflected by the Gini index a measure of income inequality at the county level. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed, and the average marginal effect (AME) was calculated.

Results: Compared to survivors residing in households with income of $90,000 or more (higher income), those with household incomes between $50,000 and $89,999 (middle income) had a significantly higher risk of ever being unable to cover their share of the cost of cancer-related medical care (AME = .104, p = .001), higher risk of foregoing care in the past 12 months because of cost, including dental care (AME = .124, p < .001), eye care (AME = .082, p = .005), and mental health care or counseling (AME = .067, p = .002). An increase in the Gini index from the 25th to 75th percentile was associated with an increased risk of unmet needs in paying for follow-up care or medications related to cancer (AME = .021, p = .014) and an increased risk of foregoing doctor visits (AME = .017, p = .02) and eye care (AME = .03, p = .002) because of cost in the past 12 months.

Conclusions: Local area income inequality was associated with certain aspects of cancer survivors' experience of financial hardship.

Implications For Cancer Survivors: It is important to consider refining and extending financial navigation programs to survivors residing in areas with high income inequality.

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