Robust Modelling of Arterial Blood Pressure Reconstruction from Photoplethysmography

Overview

Journal Sci Rep

Specialty Science

Date 2024 Dec 5

PMID 39639103

Authors

Jiating Pan

Lishi Liang

Yongbo Liang

Qunfeng Tang

Zhencheng Chen

Jianming Zhu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Blood pressure is a crucial indicator of cardiovascular disease, and arterial blood pressure (ABP) waveforms contain information that reflects the cardiovascular status. We propose a novel deep-learning method that converts photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals into ABP waveforms. We used [Formula: see text]-Net as a feature extractor and designed a Bi-block to capture individualised time information in encoder feature extraction. We further enhanced the prediction accuracy of the ABP waveforms by applying a combined loss function to each layer of deep supervision. We also propose a total error index (TEI) to measure overall performance. Furthermore, we extended our method from the UCI dataset to the VitalDB dataset, achieving mean absolute error ± standard deviation (MAE ± STD) values of 2.48 ± 1.95, 1.42 ± 1.42, and 1.48 ± 1.36 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in UCI dataset, and 2.16 ± 1.53, 1.12 ± 0.59, and 1.35 ± 0.84 mmHg in VitalDB dataset, respectively. The mean ± STD values of the TEI index are 0.29 ± 0.10 in UCI dataset and 0.29 ± 0.15 in VitalDB dataset. These results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over existing methods and its robustness to different sampling frequencies and devices.

References

Tang Q, Chen Z, Ward R, Menon C, Elgendi M . Subject-Based Model for Reconstructing Arterial Blood Pressure from Photoplethysmogram. Bioengineering (Basel). 2022; 9(8). PMC: 9404925. DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080402. View

Athaya T, Choi S . An Estimation Method of Continuous Non-Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Waveform Using Photoplethysmography: A U-Net Architecture-Based Approach. Sensors (Basel). 2021; 21(5). PMC: 7962188. DOI: 10.3390/s21051867. View

Zhang Y, Zhou C, Huang Z, Ye X . Study of cuffless blood pressure estimation method based on multiple physiological parameters. Physiol Meas. 2021; 42(5). DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/abf889. View

Mills K, Stefanescu A, He J . The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020; 16(4):223-237. PMC: 7998524. DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0244-2. View

Ibtehaz N, Mahmud S, Chowdhury M, Khandakar A, Khan M, Ayari M . PPG2ABP: Translating Photoplethysmogram (PPG) Signals to Arterial Blood Pressure (ABP) Waveforms. Bioengineering (Basel). 2022; 9(11). PMC: 9687508. DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110692. View

Lee H, Park Y, Yoon S, Yang S, Park D, Jung C . VitalDB, a high-fidelity multi-parameter vital signs database in surgical patients. Sci Data. 2022; 9(1):279. PMC: 9178032. DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01411-5. View

Brown K, Nguyen H, Adams J . Continuous blood pressure monitoring during high-intensity resistance training after myocardial infarction or percutaneous coronary intervention in a phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation setting. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2020; 33(3):342-345. PMC: 7340415. DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2020.1743052. View

OBrien E, Petrie J, Littler W, de Swiet M, Padfield P, Altman D . An outline of the revised British Hypertension Society protocol for the evaluation of blood pressure measuring devices. J Hypertens. 1993; 11(6):677-9. DOI: 10.1097/00004872-199306000-00013. View

Stergiou G, Alpert B, Mieke S, Asmar R, Atkins N, Eckert S . A Universal Standard for the Validation of Blood Pressure Measuring Devices: Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/European Society of Hypertension/International Organization for Standardization (AAMI/ESH/ISO) Collaboration.... Hypertension. 2018; 71(3):368-374. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10237. View

10.

Paviglianiti A, Randazzo V, Villata S, Cirrincione G, Pasero E . A Comparison of Deep Learning Techniques for Arterial Blood Pressure Prediction. Cognit Comput. 2021; 14(5):1689-1710. PMC: 8391010. DOI: 10.1007/s12559-021-09910-0. View

11.

Cheng J, Xu Y, Song R, Liu Y, Li C, Chen X . Prediction of arterial blood pressure waveforms from photoplethysmogram signals via fully convolutional neural networks. Comput Biol Med. 2021; 138:104877. DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104877. View

12.

Nichols W, Denardo S, Wilkinson I, Mceniery C, Cockcroft J, ORourke M . Effects of arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity, and wave reflections on the central aortic pressure waveform. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2008; 10(4):295-303. PMC: 8110097. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2008.04746.x. View

13.

Saeed M, Villarroel M, Reisner A, Clifford G, Lehman L, Moody G . Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II: a public-access intensive care unit database. Crit Care Med. 2011; 39(5):952-60. PMC: 3124312. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31820a92c6. View

14.

Wang W, Lee E, Fabsitz R, Devereux R, Best L, Welty T . A longitudinal study of hypertension risk factors and their relation to cardiovascular disease: the Strong Heart Study. Hypertension. 2006; 47(3):403-9. DOI: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000200710.29498.80. View

15.

Tazarv A, Levorato M . A Deep Learning Approach to Predict Blood Pressure from PPG Signals. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2021; 2021:5658-5662. DOI: 10.1109/EMBC46164.2021.9629687. View

16.

Martinez G, Howard N, Abbott D, Lim K, Ward R, Elgendi M . Can Photoplethysmography Replace Arterial Blood Pressure in the Assessment of Blood Pressure?. J Clin Med. 2018; 7(10). PMC: 6209968. DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100316. View

17.

Dey J, Gaurav A, Tiwari V . InstaBP: Cuff-less Blood Pressure Monitoring on Smartphone using Single PPG Sensor. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2018; 2018:5002-5005. DOI: 10.1109/EMBC.2018.8513189. View

18.

Huynh T, Jafari R, Chung W . Noninvasive Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation Using Pulse Transit Time and Impedance Plethysmography. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2018; 66(4):967-976. DOI: 10.1109/TBME.2018.2865751. View

19.

McGhee B, Bridges E . Monitoring arterial blood pressure: what you may not know. Crit Care Nurse. 2002; 22(2):60-4, 66-70, 73 passim. View

20.

Kjeldsen S . Hypertension and cardiovascular risk: General aspects. Pharmacol Res. 2017; 129:95-99. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.003. View