The Co-Existence of Hypovitaminosis D and Diabetes Mellitus Triples the Incidence of Severe Coronary Artery Disease in Women

Overview

Journal J Clin Med

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2024 Nov 27

PMID 39597936

Authors

Aneta Aleksova

Milijana Janjusevic

Beatrice Pani

Cristina Hiche

Andrea Chicco

Agnese Derin

Lorenzo Zandona

Elisabetta Stenner

Daria Beltrame

Marco Gabrielli

Stefano Lovadina

Flavia Campos Corgosinho

Stefano DErrico

Maria Marketou

Donna R Zwas

Gianfranco Sinagra

Alessandra Lucia Fluca

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Hypovitaminosis D is involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, and it is more prevalent in women. The differential impact of hypovitaminosis D on the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) between genders remains poorly understood. This study aims to address this literature gap. A total of 1484 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were enrolled in the study. Hypovitaminosis D was defined as vitamin D ≤ 20 ng/mL. CAD was defined as the presence of at least one coronary vessel stenosis > 50%, while severe CAD was defined as left main disease and/or three-vessel disease > 50%. The mean age of the cohort was 66.3 (11.5) years, with a predominance of the male gender (71.8%). Vitamin D values were significantly lower in women than in men (15.7 [8.4-25.4] ng/mL vs. 17.9 [11-24.3] ng/mL, = 0.01). A higher prevalence of severe CAD was observed in female patients with hypovitaminosis D compared to those without (33% vs. 19%, < 0.01). This finding was not observed in men. Among women, hypovitaminosis D significantly increased the risk of severe CAD (OR: 1.85, = 0.01), together with diabetes mellitus (DM) and older age, adjusted for GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m, cholesterol and body mass index. Furthermore, women with both hypovitaminosis D and DM had more than three times the risk of severe CAD compared with women who lacked both (OR: 3.56, = 0.02). In women, hypovitaminosis D increases the risk of severe CAD, and the co-existence of hypovitaminosis D and DM triples the incidence of severe CAD.

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