Associations of Chronic Marijuana Use with Changes in Salivary Microbiome

Overview

Journal Microorganisms

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2024 Nov 27

PMID 39597633

Authors

Jun Panee

Yujia Qin

Youping Deng

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The legalization of marijuana (MJ) for medicinal and recreational use has raised concerns about its potential impact on health, including oral health. While MJ use has been linked to poor oral health, its effects on the composition of the oral microbiome remain unclear. This cross-sectional study analyzed saliva samples from chronic MJ users (n = 18) and nonusers (n = 20) to investigate MJ-related changes in salivary microbiome composition. We identified significant differences in the relative abundance of 16 taxa, including seven species, such as , , and . Additionally, five species showed positive correlations with cumulative lifetime MJ use, including and . By grouping salivary microbial communities into clusters based on their association with periodontal health, we found that the cluster with species associated with poor periodontal health had the highest percentage of MJ users. Moreover, MJ use significantly contributed to variance in microbial communities in individuals with relatively good periodontal health. These findings suggest that chronic MJ use is associated with alterations in the salivary microbiome, highlighting its potential broader impact on oral and systemic health.

References

Yang Y, Yu X, Yang X, Zeng K, Liu G, Hao W . Oral Microbiota Profile of Individuals Who Abuse Methamphetamine. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021; 11:706961. PMC: 8461105. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.706961. View

Papapanou P, Park H, Cheng B, Kokaras A, Paster B, Burkett S . Subgingival microbiome and clinical periodontal status in an elderly cohort: The WHICAP ancillary study of oral health. J Periodontol. 2020; 91 Suppl 1:S56-S67. PMC: 8324315. DOI: 10.1002/JPER.20-0194. View

Jia Y, Liao Y, He Y, Zheng M, Tong X, Xue W . Association Between Oral Microbiota and Cigarette Smoking in the Chinese Population. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021; 11:658203. PMC: 8195269. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.658203. View

Qudeimat M, Alyahya A, Karched M, Behbehani J, Salako N . Dental plaque microbiota profiles of children with caries-free and caries-active dentition. J Dent. 2020; 104:103539. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103539. View

Xu P, Shao R, Zhang S, Tan Z, Guo Y, He Y . The mechanism on Prevotella melaninogenica promoting the inflammatory progression of oral lichen planus. Clin Exp Immunol. 2022; 209(2):215-224. PMC: 9390840. DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac054. View

Pietropaoli D, Del Pinto R, Ferri C, Ortu E, Monaco A . Definition of hypertension-associated oral pathogens in NHANES. J Periodontol. 2019; 90(8):866-876. DOI: 10.1002/JPER.19-0046. View

Liu X, Shao L, Liu X, Ji F, Mei Y, Cheng Y . Alterations of gastric mucosal microbiota across different stomach microhabitats in a cohort of 276 patients with gastric cancer. EBioMedicine. 2018; 40:336-348. PMC: 6412016. DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.034. View

Takeshita T, Kageyama S, Furuta M, Tsuboi H, Takeuchi K, Shibata Y . Bacterial diversity in saliva and oral health-related conditions: the Hisayama Study. Sci Rep. 2016; 6:22164. PMC: 4764907. DOI: 10.1038/srep22164. View

Panee J, Gerschenson M, Chang L . Associations Between Microbiota, Mitochondrial Function, and Cognition in Chronic Marijuana Users. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2017; 13(1):113-122. PMC: 5790619. DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9767-0. View

10.

Yamashita Y, Takeshita T . The oral microbiome and human health. J Oral Sci. 2017; 59(2):201-206. DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0856. View

11.

Darling M, Arendorf T, Coldrey N . Effect of cannabis use on oral candidal carriage. J Oral Pathol Med. 1990; 19(7):319-21. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1990.tb00852.x. View

12.

Vogtmann E, Flores R, Yu G, Freedman N, Shi J, Gail M . Association between tobacco use and the upper gastrointestinal microbiome among Chinese men. Cancer Causes Control. 2015; 26(4):581-8. PMC: 4852095. DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0535-2. View

13.

Tsang T, Lee K, Foxman B, Balmaseda A, Gresh L, Sanchez N . Association Between the Respiratory Microbiome and Susceptibility to Influenza Virus Infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2019; 71(5):1195-1203. PMC: 7442850. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz968. View

14.

Sordi M, Massochin R, de Camargo A, Lemos T, Munhoz E . Oral health assessment for users of marijuana and cocaine/crack substances. Braz Oral Res. 2017; 31:e102. DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2017.vol31.0102. View

15.

Newman T, Krishnan L, Lee J, Adami G . Microbiomic differences at cancer-prone oral mucosa sites with marijuana usage. Sci Rep. 2019; 9(1):12697. PMC: 6722050. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48768-z. View

16.

Rai A, Panda M, Das A, Rahman T, Das R, Das K . Dysbiosis of salivary microbiome and cytokines influence oral squamous cell carcinoma through inflammation. Arch Microbiol. 2020; 203(1):137-152. DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02011-w. View

17.

Darling M, Arendorf T . Effects of cannabis smoking on oral soft tissues. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1993; 21(2):78-81. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1993.tb00725.x. View

18.

Doel J, Benjamin N, Hector M, Rogers M, Allaker R . Evaluation of bacterial nitrate reduction in the human oral cavity. Eur J Oral Sci. 2005; 113(1):14-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2004.00184.x. View

19.

Beydoun M, Beydoun H, Hossain S, El-Hajj Z, Weiss J, Zonderman A . Clinical and Bacterial Markers of Periodontitis and Their Association with Incident All-Cause and Alzheimer's Disease Dementia in a Large National Survey. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020; 75(1):157-172. PMC: 11008556. DOI: 10.3233/JAD-200064. View

20.

de Jesus V, Shikder R, Oryniak D, Mann K, Alamri A, Mittermuller B . Sex-Based Diverse Plaque Microbiota in Children with Severe Caries. J Dent Res. 2020; 99(6):703-712. DOI: 10.1177/0022034520908595. View