Advances in Wearable Biosensors for Healthcare: Current Trends, Applications, and Future Perspectives

Overview

Journal Biosensors (Basel)

Specialty Biotechnology

Date 2024 Nov 26

PMID 39590019

Authors

Dang-Khoa Vo

Kieu The Loan Trinh

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Wearable biosensors are a fast-evolving topic at the intersection of healthcare, technology, and personalized medicine. These sensors, which are frequently integrated into clothes and accessories or directly applied to the skin, provide continuous, real-time monitoring of physiological and biochemical parameters such as heart rate, glucose levels, and hydration status. Recent breakthroughs in downsizing, materials science, and wireless communication have greatly improved the functionality, comfort, and accessibility of wearable biosensors. This review examines the present status of wearable biosensor technology, with an emphasis on advances in sensor design, fabrication techniques, and data analysis algorithms. We analyze diverse applications in clinical diagnostics, chronic illness management, and fitness tracking, emphasizing their capacity to transform health monitoring and facilitate early disease diagnosis. Additionally, this review seeks to shed light on the future of wearable biosensors in healthcare and wellness by summarizing existing trends and new advancements.

Citing Articles

Could electrodermal activity detect emotions soon?.

Aldosky H, Bari D J Electr Bioimpedance. 2025; 16(1):1-3.

PMID: 39876979 PMC: 11770245. DOI: 10.2478/joeb-2025-0001.

References

Madrid R, Ashur Ramallo F, Barraza D, Chaile R . Smartphone-Based Biosensor Devices for Healthcare: Technologies, Trends, and Adoption by End-Users. Bioengineering (Basel). 2022; 9(3). PMC: 8945789. DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9030101. View

Alenoghena C, Onumanyi A, Ohize H, Adejo A, Oligbi M, Ali S . eHealth: A Survey of Architectures, Developments in mHealth, Security Concerns and Solutions. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(20). PMC: 9603507. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013071. View

Tang L, Yang J, Wang Y, Deng R . Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Disease Biosensors and Monitoring Technologies. ACS Sens. 2023; 8(3):956-973. DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02311. View

Ajami S, Teimouri F . Features and application of wearable biosensors in medical care. J Res Med Sci. 2016; 20(12):1208-15. PMC: 4766830. DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.172991. View

Song Z, Zhou S, Qin Y, Xia X, Sun Y, Han G . Flexible and Wearable Biosensors for Monitoring Health Conditions. Biosensors (Basel). 2023; 13(6). PMC: 10296135. DOI: 10.3390/bios13060630. View

Wang J, Wang L, Li G, Yan D, Liu C, Xu T . Ultra-Small Wearable Flexible Biosensor for Continuous Sweat Analysis. ACS Sens. 2022; 7(10):3102-3107. DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01533. View

Perez D, Orozco J . Wearable electrochemical biosensors to measure biomarkers with complex blood-to-sweat partition such as proteins and hormones. Mikrochim Acta. 2022; 189(3):127. PMC: 8886869. DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05228-2. View

Psoma S, Kanthou C . Wearable Insulin Biosensors for Diabetes Management: Advances and Challenges. Biosensors (Basel). 2023; 13(7). PMC: 10377143. DOI: 10.3390/bios13070719. View

Yang B, Kong J, Fang X . Programmable CRISPR-Cas9 microneedle patch for long-term capture and real-time monitoring of universal cell-free DNA. Nat Commun. 2022; 13(1):3999. PMC: 9271037. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31740-3. View

10.

Dindorf C, Bartaguiz E, Dully J, Sprenger M, Becker S, Frohlich M . In Vivo Monitoring of Acute and Intermittent Fatigue in Sport Climbing Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Wearable Biosensors. Sports (Basel). 2023; 11(2). PMC: 9959212. DOI: 10.3390/sports11020037. View

11.

Zhang J, Chen M, Peng Y, Li S, Han D, Ren S . Wearable biosensors for human fatigue diagnosis: A review. Bioeng Transl Med. 2023; 8(1):e10318. PMC: 9842037. DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10318. View

12.

Malon R, Sadir S, Balakrishnan M, Corcoles E . Saliva-based biosensors: noninvasive monitoring tool for clinical diagnostics. Biomed Res Int. 2014; 2014:962903. PMC: 4172994. DOI: 10.1155/2014/962903. View

13.

Ray T, Choi J, Bandodkar A, Krishnan S, Gutruf P, Tian L . Bio-Integrated Wearable Systems: A Comprehensive Review. Chem Rev. 2019; 119(8):5461-5533. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00573. View

14.

Yi Y, Sossenheimer P, Erondu A, Skowron K, Rai V, Singer J . Using Wearable Biosensors to Predict Length of Stay for Patients with IBD After Bowel Surgery. Dig Dis Sci. 2021; 67(3):844-853. PMC: 8564769. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-06910-w. View

15.

Siddiqui S, Zhang Y, Lloret J, Song H, Obradovic Z . Pain-Free Blood Glucose Monitoring Using Wearable Sensors: Recent Advancements and Future Prospects. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng. 2018; 11:21-35. DOI: 10.1109/RBME.2018.2822301. View

16.

Vaquer A, Baron E, de la Rica R . Detection of low glucose levels in sweat with colorimetric wearable biosensors. Analyst. 2021; 146(10):3273-3279. DOI: 10.1039/d1an00283j. View

17.

Wu W, Gil Y, Lee J . Combination of wearable multi-biosensor platform and resonance frequency training for stress management of the unemployed population. Sensors (Basel). 2012; 12(10):13225-48. PMC: 3545565. DOI: 10.3390/s121013225. View

18.

Cui F, Yue Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhou H . Advancing Biosensors with Machine Learning. ACS Sens. 2020; 5(11):3346-3364. DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01424. View

19.

Kim J, Campbell A, de Avila B, Wang J . Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring. Nat Biotechnol. 2019; 37(4):389-406. PMC: 8183422. DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0045-y. View

20.

Topol E . Individualized medicine from prewomb to tomb. Cell. 2014; 157(1):241-53. PMC: 3995127. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.012. View