Ketogenic Diet Improves Sleep Quality and Daytime Sleepiness in Chronic Migraine: A Pilot Study

Overview

Journal Neurol Int

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Neurology

Date 2024 Nov 25

PMID 39585050

Authors

Yan Tereshko

Simone Dal Bello

Enrico Belgrado

Cherubino Di Lorenzo

Alice Pittino

Francesca Filippi

Francesca Valdemarin

Christian Lettieri

Gian Luigi Gigli

Annacarmen Nilo

Gaia Pellitteri

Giovanni Merlino

Mariarosaria Valente

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study is to assess the sleep quality and daytime sleepiness improvement in chronic migraineurs after 6 months of a 2:1 KD (ketogenic diet) and LGID (low-glycemic-index diet).

Methods: Twenty-six patients underwent 2:1 KD (11 patients) and LGID (15 patients). PSQI (Pittsburgh sleep quality index) and ESS (Epworth sleepiness scale) were administered at the baseline and the 3-month and 6-month follow-up. MIDAS (Migraine Disability Assessment), HIT-6 (Headache Impact Test 6), migraine frequency (migraine days per month), migraine intensity, BMI (Body Mass Index), FM (Fat Mass), and FFM (Fat-Free Mass) were also assessed.

Results: PSQI (F = 7.250; = 0.004), ESS (F = 9.938; < 0.001), HIT-6 (F = 12.693; < 0.001), migraine frequency (F = 23.070; < 0.001), migraine intensity (F = 18.798; < 0.001), BMI (F = 38.191; < 0.001), and FM (F = 45.487; < 0.001) improved significantly. The MIDAS (F = 3.037; = 0.093) and the FMM (F = 1.741; = 0.197) did not improve significantly. The ESS ( = 0.712) and PSQI ( = 0.776) data at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups did not differ significantly, as well as for migraine frequency, migraine intensity, BMI, FM, and HIT-6. A mild correlation emerged between the mean FM and mean ESS reduction during the 6 months ( = 0.497, = 0.010).

Conclusions: Six months of LGID and 2:1 KD can improve sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in patients with chronic migraine. The effectiveness on migraine, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness does not differ significantly between the 3-month and 6-month follow-up periods.

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