The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on Depression, PTSD, and Mindfulness Among Military Veterans: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Overview

Journal Health Psychol Open

Publisher Sage Publications

Specialty Psychology

Date 2024 Nov 25

PMID 39582518

Authors

Wendy Wen Li

Jaime Nannestad

Timothy Leow

Carolyn Heward

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Thirteen studies were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis with 1131 participants. Both within- and between-group comparisons demonstrated reductions in depressive and PTSD symptoms with medium effect sizes post MBSR intervention. Additionally, MBSR demonstrated small effects in improving mindfulness in veterans at post-intervention. Maintenance of treatment effects were observed at follow-up for the three outcomes during within-group comparisons. Treatment effects were maintained at follow-up between-groups for depression and mindfulness, but not for PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between MBSR and cognitive behavioural therapy/person-centred group therapy intervention groups in the three outcomes.

References

Price C, Hooven C . Interoceptive Awareness Skills for Emotion Regulation: Theory and Approach of Mindful Awareness in Body-Oriented Therapy (MABT). Front Psychol. 2018; 9:798. PMC: 5985305. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00798. View

Sciarrino N, Bartlett B, Smith L, Martin C, Williams W . Factors contributing to PTSD treatment dropout in veterans returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan: A systematic review. Psychol Serv. 2021; 19(1):183-200. DOI: 10.1037/ser0000519. View

J T, L B, T H, J R, M W, M H . Different ways to estimate treatment effects in randomised controlled trials. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2018; 10:80-85. PMC: 5898524. DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2018.03.008. View

Tuerk P, Yoder M, Grubaugh A, Myrick H, Hamner M, Acierno R . Prolonged exposure therapy for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: an examination of treatment effectiveness for veterans of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. J Anxiety Disord. 2010; 25(3):397-403. PMC: 4547462. DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.11.002. View

Shapira I, Richman J, Pace T, Lim K, Polusny M, Hamner M . Biomarker Response to Mindfulness Intervention in Veterans Diagnosed with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Mindfulness (N Y). 2023; 13(10):2448-2460. PMC: 10022677. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-01969-6. View

Serpa J, Taylor S, Tillisch K . Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) reduces anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation in veterans. Med Care. 2014; 52(12 Suppl 5):S19-24. DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000202. View

Edwards-Stewart A, Smolenski D, Bush N, Cyr B, Beech E, Skopp N . Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment Dropout Among Military and Veteran Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Trauma Stress. 2021; 34(4):808-818. DOI: 10.1002/jts.22653. View

Chiesa A, Anselmi R, Serretti A . Psychological mechanisms of mindfulness-based interventions: what do we know?. Holist Nurs Pract. 2014; 28(2):124-48. DOI: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000017. View

Murphy D, Smith K . Treatment Efficacy for Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Latent Class Trajectories of Treatment Response and Their Predictors. J Trauma Stress. 2018; 31(5):753-763. PMC: 6456014. DOI: 10.1002/jts.22333. View

10.

Bishop S . What do we really know about mindfulness-based stress reduction?. Psychosom Med. 2002; 64(1):71-83. DOI: 10.1097/00006842-200201000-00010. View

11.

Liu Q, Zhu J, Zhang W . The efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention 3 for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in patients with PTSD: A meta-analysis of four randomized controlled trials. Stress Health. 2022; 38(4):626-636. DOI: 10.1002/smi.3138. View

12.

Khoo E, Small R, Cheng W, Hatchard T, Glynn B, Rice D . Comparative evaluation of group-based mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment and management of chronic pain: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Evid Based Ment Health. 2019; 22(1):26-35. PMC: 10270397. DOI: 10.1136/ebmental-2018-300062. View

13.

Li W, Miller D, Shapiro S, Narayanan A . Editorial: Mindfulness and mental health in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol. 2023; 14:1209911. PMC: 10206626. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1209911. View

14.

Osypiuk K, Thompson E, Wayne P . Can Tai Chi and Qigong Postures Shape Our Mood? Toward an Embodied Cognition Framework for Mind-Body Research. Front Hum Neurosci. 2018; 12:174. PMC: 5938610. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00174. View

15.

Omidi A, Mohammadi A, Zargar F, Akbari H . Efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction on mood States of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Arch Trauma Res. 2014; 1(4):151-4. PMC: 3876494. DOI: 10.5812/atr.8226. View

16.

Harding K, Simpson T, Kearney D . Reduced Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Following Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Among Veterans. J Altern Complement Med. 2018; 24(12):1159-1165. DOI: 10.1089/acm.2018.0135. View

17.

Creswell J, Taren A, Lindsay E, Greco C, Gianaros P, Fairgrieve A . Alterations in Resting-State Functional Connectivity Link Mindfulness Meditation With Reduced Interleukin-6: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Biol Psychiatry. 2016; 80(1):53-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.01.008. View

18.

Pietrzak T, Lohr C, Jahn B, Hauke G . Embodied Cognition and the Direct Induction of Affect as a Compliment to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. Behav Sci (Basel). 2018; 8(3). PMC: 5867482. DOI: 10.3390/bs8030029. View

19.

Wolff R, Moons K, Riley R, Whiting P, Westwood M, Collins G . PROBAST: A Tool to Assess the Risk of Bias and Applicability of Prediction Model Studies. Ann Intern Med. 2019; 170(1):51-58. DOI: 10.7326/M18-1376. View

20.

Kim S, Schneider S, Kravitz L, Mermier C, Burge M . Mind-body practices for posttraumatic stress disorder. J Investig Med. 2013; 61(5):827-34. PMC: 3668544. DOI: 10.2310/JIM.0b013e3182906862. View