Obesity Medications and Their Impact on Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review

Overview

Journal Cureus

Specialty Biomedical Engineering

Date 2024 Nov 19

PMID 39559664

Authors

Kazi N Islam

Rahib K Islam

Victoria T Tong

M Zaid Shami

Kaitlyn E Allen

Jared R Brodtmann

Jordan A Book

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Obesity is a major global issue linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). While lifestyle changes are the primary treatment, medications are often required for long-term weight management and reducing risk in patients with obesity. The cardiovascular effects of many obesity medications are still being studied. This review examines the cardiovascular impact of commonly prescribed obesity medications, focusing on their mechanisms, effectiveness, and safety. A review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the cardiovascular effects of these drugs, including their impact on major cardiovascular outcomes, cholesterol, blood pressure, and other heart-related factors. Some medications, like glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), show cardiovascular benefits, while others like orlistat have a lesser effect. Medications such as naltrexone-bupropion and phentermine-topiramate offer weight loss but still require further review for their cardiovascular safety. Data on setmelanotide's long-term effects are limited. Obesity medications differ in their effects on cardiovascular health, with some offering more consistent benefits. More studies are needed to fully understand their long-term risks and benefits, but combining medication with lifestyle changes remains key to improving both weight and heart health.

Citing Articles

Potential Cardiovascular Risks Associated with Naltrexone-Bupropion Treatment in Overweight Patients [Letter].

Wu L, Hu J, Yao P Drug Des Devel Ther. 2024; 18():5793-5794.

PMID: 39664968 PMC: 11633288. DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S509093.

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