Growth of Soil Ammonia-oxidizing Archaea on Air-exposed Solid Surface

Overview

Journal ISME Commun

Publisher Oxford University Press

Date 2024 Nov 15

PMID 39544964

Authors

Christiana Abiola

Joo-Han Gwak

Ui-Ju Lee

Samuel Imisi Awala

Man-Young Jung

Woojun Park

Sung-Keun Rhee

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Soil microorganisms often thrive as microcolonies or biofilms within pores of soil aggregates exposed to the soil atmosphere. However, previous studies on the physiology of soil ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs), which play a critical role in the nitrogen cycle, were primarily conducted using freely suspended AOM cells (planktonic cells) in liquid media. In this study, we examined the growth of two representative soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), EN76 and "" MY2, and a soil ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, ATCC 19718 on polycarbonate membrane filters floated on liquid media to observe their adaptation to air-exposed solid surfaces. Interestingly, ammonia oxidation activities of EN76 and "" MY2 were significantly repressed on floating filters compared to the freely suspended cells in liquid media. Conversely, the ammonia oxidation activity of ATCC 19718 was comparable on floating filters and liquid media. EN76 and ATCC 19718 developed microcolonies on floating filters. Transcriptome analysis of EN76 floating filter-grown cells revealed upregulation of unique sets of genes for cell wall and extracellular polymeric substance biosynthesis, ammonia oxidation (including ammonia monooxygenase subunit C () and multicopper oxidases), and defense against HO-induced oxidative stress. These genes may play a pivotal role in adapting AOA to air-exposed solid surfaces. Furthermore, the floating filter technique resulted in the enrichment of distinct soil AOA communities dominated by the "Ca. Nitrosocosmicus" clade. Overall, this study sheds light on distinct adaptive mechanisms governing AOA growth on air-exposed solid surfaces.

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