Adjusting the Crystallization of Tin Perovskites Through Thiophene Additives for Improved Photovoltaic Stability

Overview

Journal ACS Energy Lett

Publisher American Chemical Society

Date 2024 Nov 14

PMID 39539634

Authors

Omar E Solis

Miriam Minguez-Avellan

Pablo F Betancur

Raul I Sanchez-Alarcon

Isabelle Rodriguez

Juan P Martinez-Pastor

Teresa S Ripolles

Rafael Abargues

Pablo P Boix

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Tin-based perovskites (Sn-PVK) are promising lead-free alternatives for efficient photovoltaic technology, but they face challenges related to bulk and surface defects due to suboptimal crystallization and Sn oxidation. Introducing thiophene-2-ethylammonium halides (TEAX, where X = I, Br, Cl) improves FASnI crystallization and reduces Sn formation. This is achieved by adjusting the crystallization dynamics through the formation of a complex between S and Sn during the preparation of the precursor solution, which also inhibits Sn oxidation in the resulting films. In solar cells, these additives boost power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 6.6% (without additives) to 9.4% (using TEABr), with further enhancement to 12% by adjusting selective contacts. The addition of TEAX also increases the Sn content, outperforming control. Devices with TEABr maintained over 95% of their initial PCE after 2000 h in N under continuous operation with 1 sun simulated illumination.

References

Karim M, Matsuishi K, Kayesh M, He Y, Islam A . Inhibition of Sn Oxidation in FASnI Perovskite Precursor Solution and Enhanced Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells by Reductive Additive. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2023; 15(39):45823-45833. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07903. View

Chen L, Fu S, Li Y, Sun N, Yan Y, Song Z . On the Durability of Tin-Containing Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023; 11(1):e2304811. PMC: 10767427. DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304811. View

Kojima A, Teshima K, Shirai Y, Miyasaka T . Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells. J Am Chem Soc. 2009; 131(17):6050-1. DOI: 10.1021/ja809598r. View

Macdonald T, Lanzetta L, Liang X, Ding D, Haque S . Engineering Stable Lead-Free Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: Lessons from Materials Chemistry. Adv Mater. 2022; 35(25):e2206684. DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206684. View

Liu G, Jiang X, Feng W, Yang G, Chen X, Ning Z . Synergic Electron and Defect Compensation Minimizes Voltage Loss in Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2023; 62(39):e202305551. DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305551. View

Kumar M, Dharani S, Leong W, Boix P, Prabhakar R, Baikie T . Lead-free halide perovskite solar cells with high photocurrents realized through vacancy modulation. Adv Mater. 2014; 26(41):7122-7. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401991. View

Stoumpos C, Malliakas C, Kanatzidis M . Semiconducting tin and lead iodide perovskites with organic cations: phase transitions, high mobilities, and near-infrared photoluminescent properties. Inorg Chem. 2013; 52(15):9019-38. DOI: 10.1021/ic401215x. View

Liu C, Yang Y, Chen H, Xu J, Liu A, Bati A . Bimolecularly passivated interface enables efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells. Science. 2023; 382(6672):810-815. DOI: 10.1126/science.adk1633. View

Heo J, Kim J, Kim H, Moon S, Im S, Hong K . Roles of SnX (X = F, Cl, Br) Additives in Tin-Based Halide Perovskites toward Highly Efficient and Stable Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett. 2018; 9(20):6024-6031. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02555. View

10.

Dissanayake P, Yeom K, Sarkar B, Alessi D, Hou D, Rinklebe J . Environmental impact of metal halide perovskite solar cells and potential mitigation strategies: A critical review. Environ Res. 2022; 219:115066. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115066. View

11.

Kundar M, Bhandari S, Chung S, Cho K, Sharma S, Singh R . Surface Passivation by Sulfur-Based 2D (TEA)PbI for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Omega. 2023; 8(14):12842-12852. PMC: 10099414. DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08126. View

12.

Kondratenko K, Guerin D, Wallart X, Lenfant S, Vuillaume D . Thermal and electrical cross-plane conductivity at the nanoscale in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):trifluoromethanesulfonate thin films. Nanoscale. 2022; 14(16):6075-6084. DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00819j. View

13.

Liu W, Hu S, Pascual J, Nakano K, Murdey R, Tajima K . Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with Open-Circuit Voltages Approaching the Shockley-Queisser Limit. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2023; 15(27):32487-32495. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06538. View

14.

Wang L, Miao Q, Wang D, Chen M, Bi H, Liu J . 14.31 % Power Conversion Efficiency of Sn-Based Perovskite Solar Cells via Efficient Reduction of Sn. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2023; 62(33):e202307228. DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307228. View

15.

Sanchez-Diaz J, Sanchez R, Masi S, Krecmarova M, Alvarez A, Barea E . Tin perovskite solar cells with >1,300 h of operational stability in N through a synergistic chemical engineering approach. Joule. 2022; 6(4):861-883. PMC: 9097823. DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2022.02.014. View

16.

Li M, He Y, Feng X, Qu W, Wei W, Yang B . Reductant Engineering in Stable and High-Quality Tin Perovskite Single Crystal Growth for Heterojunction X-Ray Detectors. Adv Mater. 2023; 35(48):e2307042. DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307042. View

17.

Kovalenko M, Protesescu L, Bodnarchuk M . Properties and potential optoelectronic applications of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals. Science. 2017; 358(6364):745-750. DOI: 10.1126/science.aam7093. View

18.

Zarazua I, Han G, Boix P, Mhaisalkar S, Fabregat-Santiago F, Mora-Sero I . Surface Recombination and Collection Efficiency in Perovskite Solar Cells from Impedance Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett. 2016; 7(24):5105-5113. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02193. View

19.

Huang Y, Jiang Y, Zou S, Zhang Z, Jin J, He R . Substitution of Ethylammonium Halides Enabling Lead-Free Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency and Stability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2023; 15(12):15775-15784. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00299. View

20.

Ayaydah W, Raddad E, Hawash Z . Sn-Based Perovskite Solar Cells towards High Stability and Performance. Micromachines (Basel). 2023; 14(4). PMC: 10143209. DOI: 10.3390/mi14040806. View