The Effects of an 8-Month Multicomponent Training Program in Body Composition, Functional Fitness, and Sleep Quality in Aged People: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Overview

Journal J Clin Med

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2024 Nov 9

PMID 39518745

Authors

Pedro Forte

Samuel G Encarnacao

Luis Branquinho

Tiago M Barbosa

Antonio M Monteiro

Daniel Pecos-Martin

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

: This study examined the effects of an intervention on anthropometrics, body composition, physical fitness, and sleep quality in aged individuals, comparing a control group (N = 11) and an experimental group (N = 13) across two measurement points. : A multicomponent training program of 8 months was adopted as the intervention group. A bioimpedance balance, functional fitness test, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index measured body composition, functional fitness, and sleep quality. : Both groups showed minimal changes in body mass and hand grip strength. However, the experimental group experienced significant improvements in physical fitness, including a 26% increase in arm curl repetitions, an 18% reduction in 5 times sit-to-stand (5TSTS) completion time, and a 29% rise in 2-min step test (2MST) steps, indicating enhanced muscle endurance and cardiovascular fitness. Flexibility decreased significantly in the experimental group, while body fat percentage was reduced by 10%. Sleep quality improved by 47% in the experimental group but declined by 14% in the control group. Correlational analysis revealed that better sleep quality was linked to improved fitness performance and reduced body fat in the experimental group, with post-intervention results further confirming the connection between sleep and fat reduction. In the control group, improved sleep quality was associated with higher metabolic rates after 8 months. : These findings suggest that the intervention positively impacted physical fitness and sleep quality, with potential benefits for overall health.

References

Carvalho M, Marques E, Mota J . Training and detraining effects on functional fitness after a multicomponent training in older women. Gerontology. 2008; 55(1):41-8. DOI: 10.1159/000140681. View

Cruz-Jentoft A, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyere O, Cederholm T . Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2018; 48(1):16-31. PMC: 6322506. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy169. View

Bae S, Harada K, Lee S, Harada K, Makino K, Chiba I . The Effect of a Multicomponent Dual-Task Exercise on Cortical Thickness in Older Adults with Cognitive Decline: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med. 2020; 9(5). PMC: 7290566. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051312. View

Fanning J, Porter G, Awick E, Ehlers D, Roberts S, Cooke G . Replacing sedentary time with sleep, light, or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: effects on self-regulation and executive functioning. J Behav Med. 2016; 40(2):332-342. PMC: 5332375. DOI: 10.1007/s10865-016-9788-9. View

Okifuji A, Hare B . The association between chronic pain and obesity. J Pain Res. 2015; 8:399-408. PMC: 4508090. DOI: 10.2147/JPR.S55598. View

Holfeld B, Ruthig J . A longitudinal examination of sleep quality and physical activity in older adults. J Appl Gerontol. 2014; 33(7):791-807. DOI: 10.1177/0733464812455097. View

Suzuki T, Shimada H, Makizako H, Doi T, Yoshida D, Tsutsumimoto K . Effects of multicomponent exercise on cognitive function in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol. 2012; 12:128. PMC: 3534485. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-12-128. View

Suzuki T, Shimada H, Makizako H, Doi T, Yoshida D, Ito K . A randomized controlled trial of multicomponent exercise in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. PLoS One. 2013; 8(4):e61483. PMC: 3621765. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061483. View

Dzierzewski J, Buman M, Giacobbi Jr P, Roberts B, Aiken-Morgan A, Marsiske M . Exercise and sleep in community-dwelling older adults: evidence for a reciprocal relationship. J Sleep Res. 2013; 23(1):61-8. PMC: 3844037. DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12078. View

10.

Espejo-Antunez L, Perez-Marmol J, Cardero-Duran M, Toledo-Marhuenda J, Albornoz-Cabello M . The Effect of Proprioceptive Exercises on Balance and Physical Function in Institutionalized Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020; 101(10):1780-1788. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.06.010. View

11.

Martellucci S, Pagliuca G, de Vincentiis M, Greco A, De Virgilio A, Nobili Benedetti F . Features of Residual Dizziness after Canalith Repositioning Procedures for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016; 154(4):693-701. DOI: 10.1177/0194599815627624. View

12.

Vincent B, Johnson N, Tomkinson G, McGrath R, Clark B, Choi B . Sleeping time is associated with functional limitations in a national sample of older Americans. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020; 33(1):175-182. DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01524-0. View

13.

Eggenberger P, Schumacher V, Angst M, Theill N, de Bruin E . Does multicomponent physical exercise with simultaneous cognitive training boost cognitive performance in older adults? A 6-month randomized controlled trial with a 1-year follow-up. Clin Interv Aging. 2015; 10:1335-49. PMC: 4544626. DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S87732. View

14.

Christie A, Seery E, Kent J . Physical activity, sleep quality, and self-reported fatigue across the adult lifespan. Exp Gerontol. 2016; 77:7-11. PMC: 4808431. DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.02.001. View

15.

Buysse D, Reynolds 3rd C, Monk T, BERMAN S, Kupfer D . The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989; 28(2):193-213. DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4. View

16.

Udo Y, Nakao M, Honjo H, Ukimura O, Kitakoji H, Miki T . Sleep duration is an independent factor in nocturia: analysis of bladder diaries. BJU Int. 2009; 104(1):75-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08379.x. View

17.

Rodrigues F, Jacinto M, Figueiredo N, Monteiro A, Forte P . Effects of a 24-Week Low-Cost Multicomponent Exercise Program on Health-Related Functional Fitness in the Community-Dwelling Aged and Older Adults. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023; 59(2). PMC: 9961982. DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020371. View

18.

Torimoto K, Uchimura N, Roitmann E, Marumoto M, Hirakata T, Burtea T . A large survey of nocturia related to sleep quality and daytime quality of life in a young Japanese population: NOCTURNE study. Neurourol Urodyn. 2020; 40(1):340-347. DOI: 10.1002/nau.24565. View

19.

Wang J, Chen C, Zhang Y . An investigation of microRNA-103 and microRNA-107 as potential blood-based biomarkers for disease risk and progression of Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Lab Anal. 2019; 34(1):e23006. PMC: 6977154. DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23006. View

20.

Campanini M, Mesas A, Carnicero-Carreno J, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Lopez-Garcia E . Duration and Quality of Sleep and Risk of Physical Function Impairment and Disability in Older Adults: Results from the ENRICA and ELSA Cohorts. Aging Dis. 2019; 10(3):557-569. PMC: 6538215. DOI: 10.14336/AD.2018.0611. View