Evaluation of Depression at 6 and 12 Months Postpartum by Examining Depressive Symptoms and Self-harm Ideation During the Early Postpartum Period: Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study

Overview

Journal PCN Rep

Publisher Wiley

Date 2024 Nov 5

PMID 39497795

Authors

Masatsugu Orui

Taku Obara

Mami Ishikuro

Aoi Noda

Genki Shinoda

Keiko Murakami

Noriyuki Iwama

Ippei Chiba

Kumi Nakaya

Rieko Hatanaka

Mana Kogure

Natsuko Kobayashi

Saya Kikuchi

Hirohito Metoki

Masahiro Kikuya

Naoki Nakaya

Atsushi Hozawa

Hiroaki Tomita

Shinichi Kuriyama

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate depression at 6 and 12 months postpartum, using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) total score and its subitem regarding self-harm ideation (SHI) at 1 month postpartum.

Methods: A sample of 12,358 postpartum women answered the EPDS and questionaries at 1, 6, and 12 months postpartum longitudinally.

Results: For participants with postpartum depression (PPD; EPDS total score ≥9) and SHI (SHI sub-score ≥1) at 1 month postpartum, the risk of depression at 6 and 12 months postpartum (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] at 6 and 12 months postpartum: 20.03 [16.8-23.8] and 14.55 [12.3-17.2], respectively) was higher than for those with PPD but without SHI at 1 month postpartum (OR: 8.57 [7.36-10.0], and 6.24 [5.38-7.24], respectively). Additionally, SHI even without depressive symptoms at 1 month postpartum is also a risk for depression at 6 and 12 months postpartum. To support our longitudinal evaluation of depression at 6 and 12 months postpartum, these related factors were examined: traumatic events or relocations after the Great East Japan Earthquake, employment status, household income, personality traits, sleep status, psychological distress, and social networks. The result showed employment status, low household income and poor social networks were significantly associated with depression at 12 months postpartum but not at 6 months postpartum.

Conclusion: This study showed a high risk of depression at 6 and 12 months postpartum for those who had depressive symptoms with SHI at 1 month postpartum. Our findings may contribute to the precise evaluation of depression at 6 and 12 months postpartum while considering sleep status, psychological distress and social network during pregnancy.

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