Neuromonitoring-guided Working Memory Intervention in Children with ADHD

Overview

Journal iScience

Publisher Cell Press

Date 2024 Nov 4

PMID 39493886

Authors

Ali Rahimpour Jounghani

Elveda Gozdas

Lauren Dacorro

Barbara Avelar-Pereira

Samantha Reitmaier

Hannah Fingerhut

David S Hong

Glen Elliott

Antonio Y Hardan

Stephen P Hinshaw

S M Hadi Hosseini

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

We proposed a personalized intervention that integrates computerized working memory (WM) training with real-time functional neuromonitoring and neurofeedback (NFB) to enhance frontoparietal activity and improve cognitive and clinical outcomes in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study involved 77 children with ADHD aged 7-11 years, who were assigned to either 12 sessions of NFB or treatment-as-usual (i.e., received standard clinical care) groups. Real-time neuromonitoring with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and fMRI measured frontoparietal activity during n-back task at baseline and post-intervention. Thirty-six participants (21 NFB, 15 treatment-as-usual) completed the study. Significant improvements in NFB group were observed in frontoparietal brain activity and WM performance (primary outcomes). NFB group also showed improvements in Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-2) WM t-scores and Conners 3 ADHD index scores (secondary outcomes) compared to treatment-as-usual group. These findings suggest that neuromonitoring-guided NFB effectively enhances cognitive and clinical outcomes in children with ADHD by targeting brain mechanisms underlying WM deficits.

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