Blood Flow Restriction Training for Improving Body Composition of a 26-Year-Old Male With L5-S1 Disc Protrusion and Nerve Root Compression: A Case Report

This case report explores the use of blood flow restriction (BFR) training to improve body composition in a 26-year-old male with L5-S1 disc protrusion and nerve root compression. BFR training, involving low-intensity exercises with restricted blood flow, offers a promising alternative for patients unable to engage in high-intensity workouts. The patient, a recreational gymgoer with a history of a significant lower back injury from a maximal deadlift event 20 months ago, presented with chronic pain, weight gain, and decreased stamina. Two attempts at spinal steroid injections during the 20-month period yielded only temporary relief, prompting the implementation of a 12-week BFR training regimen. The program combined BFR exercises with a calorie-deficit diet, resulting in substantial improvements in body composition and strength. Over 12 weeks, the patient lost 11.68 kg, reduced his body mass index from 26.50 to 22.85, and decreased his total body fat percentage from 28% to 22.43%. His lower back pain also significantly improved. This case highlights the effectiveness of BFR training in managing obesity and enhancing physical fitness in spinal injury patients, emphasizing the need for further research on its broader application.