Anti-dopamine Receptor 2 Antibody Encephalitis in Adults: a Case Report

Overview

Journal BMC Neurol

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Neurology

Date 2024 Oct 18

PMID 39425067

Authors

Xiaoke Wu

Mengmeng Shi

Haifeng Zhang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Anti-dopamine receptor 2 (D2R) antibody encephalitis (D2R encephalitis) is a subtype of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). Lesions in affected patients primarily involve the basal ganglia, resulting in a range of psychiatric and movement disorders. A majority of cases reported to date have impacted children or adolescents, whereas we here describe a case of adult-onset D2R encephalitis.

Case Presentation: A 30-year-old female patient affected by insomnia, recent memory impairment, bradykinesia, decreased responsivity, increased muscular tone of the extremities, and involuntary shaking of the right limb. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the basal ganglia did not reveal any notable findings, and both serum and cerebrospinal fluid were positive for antibodies specific for D2R. D2R encephalitis was diagnosed following the exclusion of other diseases. The patient's symptoms improved significantly with immunotherapeutic treatment, and she recovered fully over a 6-month follow-up period.

Conclusions: D2R is a new form of AE that can develop in adults and can be effectively treated via immunotherapy.

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