Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Bacterial Community-acquired Pneumonia: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in Madrid, Spain

This study conducted in Madrid, Spain between 2018 and 2023 shows a significant decrease in the pediatric bacterial community-acquired pneumonia cases during the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a notable postpandemic increase surpassing prepandemic incidence. Streptococcus pneumoniae remains predominant, with an increasing prevalence of serotype 3, while Streptococcus pyogenes was the second most common pathogen.