Determination and Prediction of Amino Acid Digestibility in Rapeseed Cake for Growing-Finishing Pigs

Overview

Journal Animals (Basel)

Date 2024 Oct 16

PMID 39409713

Authors

Hui Tang

Ganyi Feng

Jingfeng Zhao

Qing Ouyang

Xiaojie Liu

Xianji Jiang

Menglong Deng

Zhengjun Xie

Fengming Chen

Xihong Zhou

Rui Li

Yulong Yin

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: The experiment was conducted to determine the apparent or standardized ileal digestibility (AID or SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in 10 rapeseed cake samples fed to pigs, and to construct predictive models for the SID of CP and AA based on the chemical composition of rapeseed cakes.

Methods: Twenty-two cannulated pigs (initial body weight: 39.8 ± 1.2 kg) were assigned to two 11 × 3 incomplete Latin square designs, including an N-free diet and 10 diets containing rapeseed cake. Each experimental period included 5 days of adaptation and 2 days of ileal digesta collection. Titanium dioxide (TiO) was added at 0.3% to all the diets as an indigestible marker for calculating the ileal CP and AA digestibility.

Results: The coefficients of variation (CV) of the content of crude fat (EE), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and total glucosinolates (TGS) in 10 samples of rapeseed cake were greater than 10%. The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP), lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), threonine (Thr), and tryptophan (Trp) in rapeseed cake was 73.34% (61.49 to 81.12%), 63.01% (41.41 to 73.10%), 69.47% (50.55 to 88.16%), 79.61% (74.41 to 87.58%), and 94.43% (91.34 to 97.20%), respectively. The best prediction equations for SID, SID, and SID were as follows: SID = 90.124 - 0.54NDF (R = 0.58), SID = 100.107 - 1.229NDF (R = 0.94), and SID = 151.012 - 2.990TGS (R = 0.57).

Conclusion: Overall, great variation exists among the 10 rapeseed cakes, and the NDF, TGS, and heating temperature can be used as the key predictors for the SID of CP and AA.

References

Gu J, Hou D, Li Y, Chao H, Zhang K, Wang H . Integration of proteomic and genomic approaches to dissect seed germination vigor in Brassica napus seeds differing in oil content. BMC Plant Biol. 2019; 19(1):21. PMC: 6329107. DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1624-7. View

Heyer C, Wang L, Beltranena E, Zijlstra R . Nutrient digestibility of extruded canola meal in ileal-cannulated growing pigs and effects of its feeding on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance in weaned pigs. J Anim Sci. 2021; 99(5). PMC: 8153696. DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab135. View

Rezvani M, Kluth H, Bulang M, Rodehutscord M . Variation in amino acid digestibility of rapeseed meal studied in caecectomised laying hens and relationship with chemical constituents. Br Poult Sci. 2013; 53(5):665-74. DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.729130. View

Eklund M, Sauer N, Schone F, Messerschmidt U, Rosenfelder P, Htoo J . Effect of processing of rapeseed under defined conditions in a pilot plant on chemical composition and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in rapeseed meal for pigs. J Anim Sci. 2015; 93(6):2813-25. DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8210. View

Van Soest P, Robertson J, Lewis B . Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci. 1991; 74(10):3583-97. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2. View

Liu Y, Oliveira M, Stein H . Canola meal produced from high-protein or conventional varieties of canola seeds may substitute soybean meal in diets for gestating and lactating sows without compromising sow or litter productivity. J Anim Sci. 2018; 96(12):5179-5187. PMC: 6276551. DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky356. View

Hossen I, Hua W, Ting L, Mehmood A, Jingyi S, Duoxia X . Phytochemicals and inflammatory bowel disease: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2019; 60(8):1321-1345. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1570913. View

Wang L, Hu Q, Li P, Lai C, Li D, Zang J . Development and Validation of Equations for Predicting the Metabolizable Energy Value of Double-Low Rapeseed Cake for Growing Pigs. Animals (Basel). 2021; 11(4). PMC: 8073417. DOI: 10.3390/ani11041168. View

Maynard C, Kidd M, Chrystal P, McQuade L, McInerney B, Selle P . Assessment of limiting dietary amino acids in broiler chickens offered reduced crude protein diets. Anim Nutr. 2022; 10:1-11. PMC: 9111891. DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.11.010. View

10.

Kiarie E, Romero L, Nyachoti C . The role of added feed enzymes in promoting gut health in swine and poultry. Nutr Res Rev. 2013; 26(1):71-88. DOI: 10.1017/S0954422413000048. View

11.

Li D, Pengbin X, Liming G, Shijun F, Canghai H . Determination of apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in rapeseed meal and cake processed at different temperatures using the direct and difference method with growing pigs. Arch Tierernahr. 2003; 56(5):339-49. DOI: 10.1080/00039420215629. View

12.

Daher R, Yazbeck T, Jaoude J, Abboud B . Consequences of dysthyroidism on the digestive tract and viscera. World J Gastroenterol. 2009; 15(23):2834-8. PMC: 2699000. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.2834. View

13.

Mosenthin R, Messerschmidt U, Sauer N, Carre P, Quinsac A, Schone F . Effect of the desolventizing/toasting process on chemical composition and protein quality of rapeseed meal. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2016; 7:36. PMC: 4912811. DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0095-7. View

14.

Parr C, Liu Y, Parsons C, Stein H . Effects of high-protein or conventional canola meal on growth performance, organ weights, bone ash, and blood characteristics of weanling pigs. J Anim Sci. 2015; 93(5):2165-73. DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8439. View

15.

Feng G, Li R, Jiang X, Yang G, Tian M, Xiang Q . Prediction of available energy and amino acid digestibility of Chinese sorghum fed to growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci. 2023; 101. PMC: 10576514. DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad262. View

16.

Zhang S, Zhong R, Gao L, Liu Z, Chen L, Zhang H . Effects of Optimal Carbohydrase Mixtures on Nutrient Digestibility and Digestible Energy of Corn- and Wheat-Based Diets in Growing Pigs. Animals (Basel). 2020; 10(10). PMC: 7601035. DOI: 10.3390/ani10101846. View

17.

Lee C, Song A, Loh T, Rahim R . Effects of lysine and methionine in a low crude protein diet on the growth performance and gene expression of immunity genes in broilers. Poult Sci. 2020; 99(6):2916-2925. PMC: 7597739. DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.013. View

18.

Langer S, Fuller M . Interactions among the branched-chain amino acids and their effects on methionine utilization in growing pigs: effects on nitrogen retention and amino acid utilization. Br J Nutr. 2000; 83(1):43-8. View

19.

Messad F, Letourneau-Montminy M, Charbonneau E, Sauvant D, Guay F . Meta-analysis of the amino acid digestibility of oilseed meal in growing pigs. Animal. 2016; 10(10):1635-44. DOI: 10.1017/S1751731116000732. View

20.

Hosseini P, Mohsenifar K, Rajaie M, Babaeinejad T . Plant growth regulators affecting canola ( L.) biochemistry including oil yield under drought stress. Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 2024; 29(11):1663-1674. PMC: 10754807. DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01399-1. View