Effects of Dietary Lactobacillus Postbiotics and Bacitracin on the Modulation of Mucosa-associated Microbiota and Pattern Recognition Receptors Affecting Immunocompetence of Jejunal Mucosa in Pigs Challenged with Enterotoxigenic F18 Escherichia...

Overview

Journal J Anim Sci Biotechnol

Publisher Biomed Central

Date 2024 Oct 10

PMID 39390608

Authors

Marcos Elias Duarte

Zixiao Deng

Sung Woo Kim

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a threat to humans and animals that causes intestinal disorders. Antimicrobial resistance has urged alternatives, including Lactobacillus postbiotics, to mitigate the effects of enterotoxigenic E. coli.

Methods: Forty-eight newly weaned pigs were allotted to NC: no challenge/no supplement; PC: F18 E. coli challenge/no supplement; ATB: F18 E. coli challenge/bacitracin; and LPB: F18 E. coli challenge/postbiotics and fed diets for 28 d. On d 7, pigs were orally inoculated with F18 E. coli. At d 28, the mucosa-associated microbiota, immune and oxidative stress status, intestinal morphology, the gene expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRR), and intestinal barrier function were measured. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4.

Results: PC increased (P < 0.05) Helicobacter mastomyrinus whereas reduced (P < 0.05) Prevotella copri and P. stercorea compared to NC. The LPB increased (P < 0.05) P. stercorea and Dialister succinatiphilus compared with PC. The ATB increased (P < 0.05) Propionibacterium acnes, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Sphingomonas pseudosanguinis compared to PC. The PC tended to reduce (P = 0.054) PGLYRP4 and increased (P < 0.05) TLR4, CD14, MDA, and crypt cell proliferation compared with NC. The ATB reduced (P < 0.05) NOD1 compared with PC. The LPB increased (P < 0.05) PGLYRP4, and interferon-γ and reduced (P < 0.05) NOD1 compared with PC. The ATB and LPB reduced (P < 0.05) TNF-α and MDA compared with PC.

Conclusions: The F18 E. coli challenge compromised intestinal health. Bacitracin increased beneficial bacteria showing a trend towards increasing the intestinal barrier function, possibly by reducing the expression of PRR genes. Lactobacillus postbiotics enhanced the immunocompetence of nursery pigs by increasing the expression of interferon-γ and PGLYRP4, and by reducing TLR4, NOD1, and CD14.

Citing Articles

Genome and pathogenicity analysis of Helicobacter mastomyrinus isolated from mice.

Liqi Z, Yuanyuan L, Linghan Y, Jun Y, Tao W, Quan Z Arch Microbiol. 2025; 207(3):55.

PMID: 39939499 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-025-04254-x.

Aflatoxin B1: Challenges and Strategies for the Intestinal Microbiota and Intestinal Health of Monogastric Animals.

Choi H, Garavito-Duarte Y, Gormley A, Kim S Toxins (Basel). 2025; 17(1).

PMID: 39852996 PMC: 11768593. DOI: 10.3390/toxins17010043.

References

Bin P, Tang Z, Liu S, Chen S, Xia Y, Liu J . Intestinal microbiota mediates Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced diarrhea in piglets. BMC Vet Res. 2018; 14(1):385. PMC: 6282381. DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1704-9. View

Murosaki S, Yamamoto Y, Ito K, Inokuchi T, Kusaka H, Ikeda H . Heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 suppresses naturally fed antigen-specific IgE production by stimulation of IL-12 production in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998; 102(1):57-64. DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(98)70055-7. View

Jang K, Moita V, Martinez N, Sokale A, Kim S . Efficacy of zinc glycinate reducing zinc oxide on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs challenged with F18+ Escherichia coli. J Anim Sci. 2023; 101. PMC: 10195191. DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad035. View

Duarte M, Kim S . Intestinal microbiota and its interaction to intestinal health in nursery pigs. Anim Nutr. 2022; 8(1):169-184. PMC: 8683651. DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.05.001. View

Wolf A, Underhill D . Peptidoglycan recognition by the innate immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018; 18(4):243-254. DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.136. View

Dziarski R, Gupta D . The peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs). Genome Biol. 2006; 7(8):232. PMC: 1779587. DOI: 10.1186/gb-2006-7-8-232. View

Zhang L, Li N, Caicedo R, Neu J . Alive and dead Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG decrease tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced interleukin-8 production in Caco-2 cells. J Nutr. 2005; 135(7):1752-6. DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.7.1752. View

Macpherson A, Geuking M, McCoy K . Immune responses that adapt the intestinal mucosa to commensal intestinal bacteria. Immunology. 2005; 115(2):153-62. PMC: 1782138. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02159.x. View

Nagy B, Fekete P . Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in veterinary medicine. Int J Med Microbiol. 2005; 295(6-7):443-54. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2005.07.003. View

10.

Xu X, Duarte M, Kim S . Postbiotic effects of Lactobacillus fermentate on intestinal health, mucosa-associated microbiota, and growth efficiency of nursery pigs challenged with F18+Escherichia coli. J Anim Sci. 2022; 100(8). PMC: 9387594. DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac210. View

11.

Sun Y, Duarte M, Kim S . Dietary inclusion of multispecies probiotics to reduce the severity of post-weaning diarrhea caused by F18 in pigs. Anim Nutr. 2021; 7(2):326-333. PMC: 8245796. DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.08.012. View

12.

Zhang W, Zhu Y, Zhou D, Wu Q, Song D, Dicksved J . Oral Administration of a Select Mixture of Bacillus Probiotics Affects the Gut Microbiota and Goblet Cell Function following Escherichia coli Challenge in Newly Weaned Pigs of Genotype MUC4 That Are Supposed To Be Enterotoxigenic E. coli F4ab/ac.... Appl Environ Microbiol. 2016; 83(3). PMC: 5244294. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02747-16. View

13.

Lu X, Wang M, Qi J, Wang H, Li X, Gupta D . Peptidoglycan recognition proteins are a new class of human bactericidal proteins. J Biol Chem. 2005; 281(9):5895-907. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M511631200. View

14.

Teame T, Wang A, Xie M, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Ding Q . Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics of Probiotic , Their Positive Effects on the Host and Action Mechanisms: A Review. Front Nutr. 2020; 7:570344. PMC: 7642493. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.570344. View

15.

Beeby M . Motility in the epsilon-proteobacteria. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2015; 28:115-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2015.09.005. View

16.

Smith F, Clark J, Overman B, Tozel C, Huang J, Rivier J . Early weaning stress impairs development of mucosal barrier function in the porcine intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009; 298(3):G352-63. PMC: 2838512. DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00081.2009. View

17.

Ruemmele F, Beaulieu J, Dionne S, Levy E, Seidman E, Cerf-Bensussan N . Lipopolysaccharide modulation of normal enterocyte turnover by toll-like receptors is mediated by endogenously produced tumour necrosis factor alpha. Gut. 2002; 51(6):842-8. PMC: 1773452. DOI: 10.1136/gut.51.6.842. View

18.

Kim S, Duarte M . Understanding intestinal health in nursery pigs and the relevant nutritional strategies. Anim Biosci. 2021; 34(3):338-344. PMC: 7961202. DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0010. View

19.

Deng Z, Duarte M, Kim S . Efficacy of soy protein concentrate replacing animal protein supplements in mucosa-associated microbiota, intestinal health, and growth performance of nursery pigs. Anim Nutr. 2023; 14:235-248. PMC: 10432921. DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.007. View

20.

Duarte M, Stahl C, Kim S . Intestinal Damages by F18 and Its Amelioration with an Antibacterial Bacitracin Fed to Nursery Pigs. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023; 12(5). PMC: 10215639. DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051040. View