Study of the Causal Relationship Between Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Hypertension Through Two-sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Overview

Journal Front Cardiovasc Med

Specialty Cardiology & Vascular Diseases

Date 2024 Oct 10

PMID 39386387

Authors

Weige Li

Qian Wang

Wenjie Li

Xiang Liu

Zuobin Li

Qi Dai

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hypertension using a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.

Methods: The associated data of GERD with hypertension were derived from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) database, and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed using methods including inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median (WM) to investigate the causal association between GERD and hypertension.

Results: A total of 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with GERD were screened out, and the IVW suggested a causal relationship between GERD and hypertension (OR: 1.057; 95% CI: 1.044-1.071; < 0.05). The weighted median also showed a similar relationship (OR: 1.051, 95% CI: 1.032-1.07; < 0.05). In addition, no heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was observed, suggesting a robustness of the outcome.

Conclusion: There is a positive causal relationship between GERD and hypertension.

References

Davies N, Holmes M, Davey Smith G . Reading Mendelian randomisation studies: a guide, glossary, and checklist for clinicians. BMJ. 2018; 362:k601. PMC: 6041728. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k601. View

Kotseva K, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, Ryden L, Hoes A, Grobbee D . Lifestyle and impact on cardiovascular risk factor control in coronary patients across 27 countries: Results from the European Society of Cardiology ESC-EORP EUROASPIRE V registry. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019; 26(8):824-835. DOI: 10.1177/2047487318825350. View

Fuchs F, Whelton P . High Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease. Hypertension. 2019; 75(2):285-292. PMC: 10243231. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14240. View

Pinto D, Plieschnegger W, Schneider N, Geppert M, Bordel H, Hoss G . Carditis: a relevant marker of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Data from a prospective central European multicenter study on histological and endoscopic diagnosis of esophagitis (histoGERD trial). Dis Esophagus. 2018; 32(1). DOI: 10.1093/dote/doy073. View

Eisa M, Sandhu A, Prakash R, Ganocy S, Fass R . The Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020; 26(4):471-476. PMC: 7547190. DOI: 10.5056/jnm19192. View

Unger T, Borghi C, Charchar F, Khan N, Poulter N, Prabhakaran D . 2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2020; 75(6):1334-1357. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026. View

Sang N, Gao R, Zhang M, Wu Z, Wu Z, Wu G . Causal Relationship Between Sleep Traits and Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Immunol. 2022; 13:918749. PMC: 9248809. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918749. View

. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants. Lancet. 2016; 389(10064):37-55. PMC: 5220163. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31919-5. View

Silvestro M, Dovetto F, Corvino V, Apisa P, Malesci R, Tessitore A . Enlarging the spectrum of cluster headache: Extracranial autonomic involvement revealed by voice analysis. Headache. 2021; 61(9):1452-1459. PMC: 9293350. DOI: 10.1111/head.14222. View

10.

Li Y, Duan Z . Updates in interaction of gastroesophageal reflux disease and extragastroesophageal digestive diseases. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022; 16(11-12):1053-1063. DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2056018. View

11.

Tabrez E, Hussain A, Rao S, Jagadeesh A, Peela J, Tabrez S . Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Review of Symptomatic Management. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2018; 28(1):87-92. DOI: 10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2018022767. View

12.

Chen X, Kong J, Pan J, Huang K, Zhou W, Diao X . Kidney damage causally affects the brain cortical structure: A Mendelian randomization study. EBioMedicine. 2021; 72:103592. PMC: 8498227. DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103592. View

13.

. Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. Lancet. 2021; 398(10304):957-980. PMC: 8446938. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01330-1. View

14.

Swiatkowski M, Budzynski J, Klopocka M, Grad K, Pulkowski G, Augustynska B . The effect of eight weeks of rabeprazole therapy on nitric oxide plasma level and esophageal pH and motility and motility nitric oxide plasma level in patients with erosive esophagitis. Med Sci Monit. 2004; 10(2):CR46-51. View

15.

Hunt R, Armstrong D, Katelaris P, Afihene M, Bane A, Bhatia S . World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines: GERD Global Perspective on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2017; 51(6):467-478. DOI: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000854. View

16.

Dean J . Theory of gastric CO2 ventilation and its control during respiratory acidosis: implications for central chemosensitivity, pH regulation, and diseases causing chronic CO2 retention. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2010; 175(2):189-209. DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2010.12.001. View

17.

Li Z, Ji F, Han X, Wang L, Yue Y, Wang Z . The Role of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Provoking High Blood Pressure Episodes in Patients With Hypertension. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2017; 52(8):685-690. PMC: 6110619. DOI: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000933. View

18.

Tan V, Wong B, Wong W, Leung W, Tong D, Yuen M . Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Cross-Sectional Study Demonstrating Rising Prevalence in a Chinese Population. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2015; 50(1):e1-7. DOI: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000304. View

19.

Tsao C, Aday A, Almarzooq Z, Anderson C, Arora P, Avery C . Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023; 147(8):e93-e621. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001123. View

20.

Burgess S, Thompson S . Bias in causal estimates from Mendelian randomization studies with weak instruments. Stat Med. 2011; 30(11):1312-23. DOI: 10.1002/sim.4197. View