Association of Beta Blockers and Mortality in Adults with Septic Shock: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trial

Overview

Journal Front Med (Lausanne)

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2024 Oct 9

PMID 39380732

Authors

Gustavo Adolfo Vasquez-Tirado

Claudia Vanessa Quispe-Castaneda

Edinson Dante Meregildo-Rodriguez

Maria Cuadra-Campos

Niler Manuel Segura-Plasencia

Yessenia Katherin Arbayza-Avalos

Hugo Nelson Alva-Guarniz

Wilson Marcial Guzman-Aguilar

Petterson Zavaleta-Alaya

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: Septic shock still entails significant morbidity and mortality, with the heart being affected due to catecholamine overexpression and direct injury from sepsis. Therefore, the effect of β-blocking the receptors to improve performance is promising when attempting to reverse tachycardia and reduce mortality.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search across five databases for studies published up to 28 January 2024, using a PICO strategy. Ten studies were identified for quantitative analysis and included in our meta-analysis.

Results: Our meta-analysis evaluated 28-day in-hospital mortality risk across nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving a total of 1,121 adults with septic shock. We found an association between β-blocker use and reduced overall mortality (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.34-0.98; : 56%). This effect was significant in the esmolol subgroup (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.26-0.82; : 32%), but not in the landiolol subgroup (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.0-1,284.5; : 72%). Additionally, the intervention group shows a significant reduction in HR and lactate levels, as well as an increase in stroke volume index (SVI).

Conclusion: In adults with septic shock, β-blockers are associated with a reduction in 28-day in-hospital mortality, a benefit primarily observed with esmolol rather than landiolol. Furthermore, improvements in heart rate (HR) control, lactate levels, and SVI were noted. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution, and further high-quality RCTs comparing different β-blockers are necessary to better elucidate these effects.

Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024513610.

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