Correlation of Diabetes Related Factors with Vitamin D and Immunological Parameters in T2DM Kashmiri Population

In this study, the role of inflammatory biomarkers and vitamin D in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their correlation with diabetes related factors (HbA1c, FPG, and insulin) was analysed. In this study, Kashmiri patients with T2DM and healthy individuals were considered as cases (n = 100) and controls (n = 100) respectively. Blood samples from both groups were collected, inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, CRP), as well as serum vitamin D levels, were estimated by ELISA. From our results it was revealed that patients with T2DM had significantly lower serum vitamin D levels than control groups (<0.05). Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, including TNF-α and CRP, were seen to be elevated reaching a level of statistical significance (<0.05). On correlating the HbA1c, FPG and insulin with TNF-α, CRP and vitamin D, significant positive correlation (<0.05) was found between TNF-α and CRP with HbA1c and FPG in patients, non-significant positive correlation (>0.05) was observed between insulin with TNF-α, and vitamin D and weak negative correlation with CRP in case study group. On correlating the impact of vitamin D on HbA1c and FPG levels, non-significant weak negative correlation was observed in patient group than controls, indicating that patients with lower vitamin D levels have higher HbA1c, showing that lower vitamin D have some role in etiology of T2DM.