GIS-based Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Disparities of Urban Health Index in Shenzhen, China

Overview

Journal Front Public Health

Specialty Public Health

Date 2024 Sep 30

PMID 39346593

Authors

Duan Yongheng

Xie Shan

Liu Fei

Tang Jinglin

Gong Liyue

Liu Xiaoying

Wen Tingxiao

Wang Hongrui

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose: To explore the inter-regional health index at the city level to contribute to the reduction of health inequalities.

Methods: Employed the health determinant model to select indicators for the urban health index of Shenzhen City. Utilized principal component analysis, the weights of these indicators are determined to construct the said health index. Subsequently, the global Moran's index and local Moran's index are utilized to investigate the geographical spatial distribution of the urban health index across various administrative districts within Shenzhen.

Results: The level of urban health index in Shenzhen exhibits spatial clustering and demonstrates a positive spatial correlation (2017, Moran's = 0.237; 2019, Moran's = 0.226; 2021, Moran's = 0.217). However, it is noted that this clustering displays a relatively low probability (90% confidence interval). Over the period from 2017 to 2019, this spatial clustering gradually diminishes, suggesting a narrowing of health inequality within economically developed urban areas.

Conclusion: Our study reveals the urban health index in a relatively high-income (Shenzhen) in a developing country. Certain spatially correlated areas in Shenzhen present opportunities for the government to address health disparities through regional connectivity.

References

Dai D, Rothenberg R, Luo R, Weaver S, Stauber C . Improvement of Geographic Disparities: Amelioration or Displacement?. J Urban Health. 2017; 94(3):417-428. PMC: 5481217. DOI: 10.1007/s11524-017-0151-4. View

Gibbons J, Yang T, Brault E, Barton M . Evaluating Residential Segregation's Relation to the Clustering of Poor Health across American Cities. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(11). PMC: 7312480. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113910. View

Zhou K, Zhang X, Ding Y, Wang D, Lu Z, Yu M . Inequality trends of health workforce in different stages of medical system reform (1985-2011) in China. Hum Resour Health. 2015; 13:94. PMC: 4673776. DOI: 10.1186/s12960-015-0089-0. View

Azimi M, Feng F, Zhou C . Air pollution inequality and health inequality in China: An empirical study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019; 26(12):11962-11974. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04599-z. View

Mei K, Kou R, Bi Y, Liu Y, Huang J, Li W . A study of primary health care service efficiency and its spatial correlation in China. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023; 23(1):247. PMC: 10012696. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09197-x. View

Hosseinpoor A, Bergen N, Kirkby K, Schlotheuber A . Strengthening and expanding health inequality monitoring for the advancement of health equity: a review of WHO resources and contributions. Int J Equity Health. 2023; 22(1):49. PMC: 10022555. DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01811-4. View

Rothenberg R, Weaver S, Dai D, Stauber C, Prasad A, Kano M . A flexible urban health index for small area disparities. J Urban Health. 2014; 91(5):823-35. PMC: 4199452. DOI: 10.1007/s11524-014-9867-6. View

Lu F, Chen Y, Yang F . Do Rural-Urban Identities Affect Individuals' Health? Evidence From China. Inquiry. 2022; 59:469580221104370. PMC: 9340418. DOI: 10.1177/00469580221104370. View

Li J, Jin F . An Empirical Study on the Inequality in Health and Healthcare in China's Medical Reform. J Environ Public Health. 2022; 2022:5789118. PMC: 9162853. DOI: 10.1155/2022/5789118. View

10.

Jiang J, Zhang X . Social transition and health inequality in China: an age-period-cohort analysis. Public Health. 2020; 180:185-195. DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.08.025. View

11.

Fang P, Dong S, Xiao J, Liu C, Feng X, Wang Y . Regional inequality in health and its determinants: evidence from China. Health Policy. 2009; 94(1):14-25. DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2009.08.002. View

12.

Muluk S, Sabik L, Chen Q, Jacobs B, Sun Z, Drake C . Disparities in geographic access to medical oncologists. Health Serv Res. 2022; 57(5):1035-1044. PMC: 9441279. DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13991. View

13.

Jiang J, Huang W, Liu Y, Wang Z . The Temporal and Spatial Changes of Health Inequality in Rural China. Front Public Health. 2022; 10:821384. PMC: 8866232. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.821384. View

14.

Khan S, Hussain I . Inequalities in health and health-related indicators: a spatial geographic analysis of Pakistan. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20(1):1800. PMC: 7690118. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09870-4. View

15.

Li C, Tang C . Income-related health inequality among rural residents in western China. Front Public Health. 2023; 10:1065808. PMC: 9797679. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1065808. View

16.

Suparmi , Kusumawardani N, Nambiar D, Trihono , Hosseinpoor A . Subnational regional inequality in the public health development index in Indonesia. Glob Health Action. 2018; 11(sup1):1500133. PMC: 7011993. DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2018.1500133. View

17.

Fan C, Ouyang W, Tian L, Song Y, Miao W . Elderly Health Inequality in China and its Determinants: A Geographical Perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019; 16(16). PMC: 6719074. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162953. View

18.

Fu X . The comparison of catastrophic health expenditure and its inequality between urban and rural households in China. Health Econ Rev. 2022; 12(1):19. PMC: 8908628. DOI: 10.1186/s13561-022-00365-z. View

19.

Cheong Y, Mohd Ghazali S, Che Ibrahim M, Kee C, Iderus N, Ruslan Q . Assessing the Spatiotemporal Spread Pattern of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia. Front Public Health. 2022; 10:836358. PMC: 8931737. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.836358. View

20.

Wu J, Yang Y . Inequality trends in the demographic and geographic distribution of health care professionals in China: Data from 2002 to 2016. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2018; 34(1):e487-e508. DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2664. View