Antimicrobial Resistance Characterization of and Isolated from Marine Coastal Recreational Waters in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Overview

Journal J Water Health

Specialties Environmental Health
Public Health

Date 2024 Sep 28

PMID 39340376

Authors

Giovanna Silva Santiago

Milena Dropa

Solange Martone-Rocha

Talita Pereira Dos Santos

Vasco Tulio de Moura Gomes

Mikaela Renata Funada Barbosa

Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Coastal water quality is facing increasing threats due to human activities. Their contamination by sewage discharges poses significant risks to the environment and public health. We aimed to investigate the presence of antibiotic-resistant in beach waters. Over a 10-month period, samples were collected from four beaches in the State of São Paulo (Brazil). isolates underwent matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) and molecular analysis for accurate genus and species identification. The antimicrobial susceptibility for 14 antibiotics was evaluated using the disc diffusion method followed by a multidrug-resistance (MDR) classification. PCR amplification method was used to detect antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Our findings revealed the prevalence of , and . Out of 130 isolates, 118 were resistant to multiple antibiotics. The detection of resistance genes provided evidence of the potential transfer of antibiotic resistance within the environment. Our findings underscore the necessity for continuous research and surveillance to enhance understanding of the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of , which is crucial to implement effective measures to preserve the integrity of coastal ecosystems.

References

Adeniji O, Sibanda T, Okoh A . Recreational water quality status of the Kidd's Beach as determined by its physicochemical and bacteriological quality parameters. Heliyon. 2019; 5(6):e01893. PMC: 6595171. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01893. View

Adeniji O, Nontongana N, Okoh A . Prevalence of Class 1 Integron and In Vitro Effect of Antibiotic Combinations of Multidrug-Resistant Species Recovered from the Aquatic Environment in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(3). PMC: 9917988. DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032993. View

Alibi S, Beltifa A, Hassen W, Jaziri A, Soussia L, Zbidi F . Coastal Surveillance and Water Quality monitoring in the Rejiche Sea-Tunisia. Water Environ Res. 2021; 93(10):2025-2033. DOI: 10.1002/wer.1573. View

Arias C, Robredo B, Singh K, Torres C, Panesso D, Murray B . Rapid identification of Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus durans by PCR and detection of a homologue of the E. hirae mur-2 Gene in E. durans. J Clin Microbiol. 2006; 44(4):1567-70. PMC: 1448630. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.44.4.1567-1570.2006. View

Bourafa N, Loucif L, Boutefnouchet N, Rolain J . Enterococcus hirae, an unusual pathogen in humans causing urinary tract infection in a patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia: first case report in Algeria. New Microbes New Infect. 2015; 8:7-9. PMC: 4590716. DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2015.08.003. View

Chen C, Xu X, Qu T, Yu Y, Ying C, Liu Q . Prevalence of the fosfomycin-resistance determinant, fosB3, in Enterococcus faecium clinical isolates from China. J Med Microbiol. 2014; 63(Pt 11):1484-1489. DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.077701-0. View

Christ A, Ramos S, Cayo R, Gales A, Hachich E, Sato M . Characterization of Enterococcus species isolated from marine recreational waters by MALDI-TOF MS and Rapid ID API® 20 Strep system. Mar Pollut Bull. 2017; 118(1-2):376-381. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.025. View

Dada A, Ahmad A, Usup G, Heng L . Speciation and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococci isolated from recreational beaches in Malaysia. Environ Monit Assess. 2012; 185(2):1583-99. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2653-6. View

De Angelis G, Fiori B, Menchinelli G, DInzeo T, Liotti F, Morandotti G . Incidence and antimicrobial resistance trends in bloodstream infections caused by ESKAPE and Escherichia coli at a large teaching hospital in Rome, a 9-year analysis (2007-2015). Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2018; 37(9):1627-1636. DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3292-9. View

10.

de Oliveira A, Pinhata J . Antimicrobial resistance and species composition of Enterococcus spp. isolated from waters and sands of marine recreational beaches in Southeastern Brazil. Water Res. 2008; 42(8-9):2242-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.12.002. View

11.

Di Cesare A, Vignaroli C, Luna G, Pasquaroli S, Biavasco F . Antibiotic-resistant enterococci in seawater and sediments from a coastal fish farm. Microb Drug Resist. 2012; 18(5):502-9. DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2011.0204. View

12.

Evers S, Courvalin P . Detection of glycopeptide resistance genotypes and identification to the species level of clinically relevant enterococci by PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 1995; 33(1):24-7. PMC: 227872. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.1.24-27.1995. View

13.

Egan S, Shore A, OConnell B, Brennan G, Coleman D . Linezolid resistance in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis from hospitalized patients in Ireland: high prevalence of the MDR genes optrA and poxtA in isolates with diverse genetic backgrounds. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020; 75(7):1704-1711. PMC: 7303821. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa075. View

14.

Enne V, Delsol A, Roe J, Bennett P . Rifampicin resistance and its fitness cost in Enterococcus faecium. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003; 53(2):203-7. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkh044. View

15.

Ferguson D, Moore D, Getrich M, Zhowandai M . Enumeration and speciation of enterococci found in marine and intertidal sediments and coastal water in southern California. J Appl Microbiol. 2005; 99(3):598-608. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02660.x. View

16.

Fiore E, Van Tyne D, Gilmore M . Pathogenicity of Enterococci. Microbiol Spectr. 2019; 7(4). PMC: 6629438. DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0053-2018. View

17.

Huijbers P, Blaak H, de Jong M, Graat E, Vandenbroucke-Grauls C, de Roda Husman A . Role of the Environment in the Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance to Humans: A Review. Environ Sci Technol. 2015; 49(20):11993-2004. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02566. View

18.

Idris F, Nadzir M . Multi-drug resistant ESKAPE pathogens and the uses of plants as their antimicrobial agents. Arch Microbiol. 2023; 205(4):115. PMC: 10013289. DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03455-6. View

19.

Kariyama R, Mitsuhata R, Chow J, Clewell D, Kumon H . Simple and reliable multiplex PCR assay for surveillance isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. J Clin Microbiol. 2000; 38(8):3092-5. PMC: 87194. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.38.8.3092-3095.2000. View

20.

Kimiran-Erdem A, Arslan E, Sanli Yurudu N, Zeybek Z, Dogruoz N, Cotuk A . Isolation and identification of enterococci from seawater samples: assessment of their resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. Environ Monit Assess. 2006; 125(1-3):219-28. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9506-0. View