Optimization and Synthesis of Nano-Niosomes for Encapsulation of Triacontanol by Box-Behnken Design

Overview

Journal Molecules

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Biology

Date 2024 Sep 28

PMID 39339416

Authors

Alfredo Amaury Bautista Solano

Gloria Davila-Ortiz

Maria de Jesus Perea-Flores

Alma Leticia Martinez-Ayala

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Triacontanol is a long-chain primary alcohol derived from policosanol, known for its diverse biological activities, including functioning as a plant growth regulator and exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antitumoral effects. However, its application is limited due to its high hydrophobicity, resulting in poor absorption and reduced therapeutic effectiveness. A potential solution to this problem is the use of niosomes. Niosomes are carriers composed of non-ionic surfactants, cholesterol, charge-inducing agents, and a hydration medium. They are effective in encapsulating drugs, improving their solubility and bioavailability. The objective of this study was to optimize and synthesize nano-niosomes for the encapsulation of triacontanol. Niosomes were synthesized using a thin-film hydration method combined with ultrasonication, following a Box-Behnken design. Niosomes were characterized using various techniques including dynamic light scattering, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confocal microscopy, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Formulation 14 of niosomes achieved the desired size, polydispersity index (0.198 ± 0.008), and zeta potential (-31.28 ± 1.21). FTIR analysis revealed a characteristic signal in the 3400-300 cm range, indicating intermolecular interactions due to a bifurcated hydrogen bond between cholesterol and S60. Confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of triacontanol through Nile Red fluorescence. TEM revealed the spherical structure of niosomes.

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