Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Profiles in Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura-Differences Compared to COVID-19

Overview

Journal Int J Mol Sci

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Chemistry
Molecular Biology

Date 2024 Sep 28

PMID 39337495

Authors

Flora Demeter

Gyorgy Bihari

Dorina Vadicsku

Gyorgy Sinkovits

Erika Kajdacsi

Laura Horvath

Marienn Reti

Veronika Muller

Zsolt Ivanyi

Janos Gal

Laszlo Gopcsa

Peter Remenyi

Beata Szathmary

Botond Lakatos

Janos Szlavik

Ilona Bobek

Zita Z Prohaszka

Zsolt Forhecz

Tamas Masszi

Istvan Valyi-Nagy

Zoltan Prohaszka

Laszlo Cervenak

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Thromboinflammation/immunothrombosis plays a role in several diseases including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and COVID-19. Unlike the extensive research that has been conducted on COVID-19 cytokine storms, the baseline and acute phase cytokine profiles of TTP are poorly characterized. Moreover, we compared the cytokine profiles of TTP and COVID-19 to identify the disease-specific/general characteristics of thromboinflammation/immunothrombosis. Plasma concentrations of 33 soluble mediators (SMs: cytokines, chemokines, soluble receptors, and growth factors) were measured by multiplex bead-based LEGENDplex™ immunoassay from 32 COVID-19 patients (32 non-vaccinated patients in three severity groups), 32 TTP patients (remission/acute phase pairs of 16 patients), and 15 control samples. Mainly, the levels of innate immunity-related SMs changed in both diseases. In TTP, ten SMs decreased in both remission and acute phases compared to the control, one decreased, and two increased only in the acute phase compared to remission, indicating mostly anti-inflammatory changes. In COVID-19, ten pro-inflammatory SMs increased, whereas one decreased with increasing severity compared to the control. In severe COVID-19, sixteen SMs exceeded acute TTP levels, with only one higher in TTP. PCA identified CXCL10, IL-1RA, and VEGF as the main discriminators among their cytokine profiles. The innate immune response is altered in both diseases. The cytokine profile of TTP suggests a distinct pathomechanism from COVID-19 and supports referring to TTP as thromboinflammatory rather than immunothrombotic, emphasizing thrombosis over inflammation as the driving force of the acute phase.

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