Risk Factors for Low Quality of Life Among Women Using Different Types of Contraceptives in Saudi Arabia: A Questionnaire-Based Study

Overview

Journal Behav Sci (Basel)

Date 2024 Sep 28

PMID 39336044

Authors

Malak M Alhakeem

Leena R Baghdadi

Almaha H Alshathri

Aljohara H Alshathri

Arwa A Alqahtani

Monerah H Alshathri

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

This study aimed to assess and identify the risks for poor quality of life among female Saudi contraceptive users by administering an online questionnaire. The validity of the Arabic version of the Spanish Society of Contraception Quality of Life (SEC-QOL) questionnaire was assessed by incorporating the relevant items into an exploratory factor analysis and a subsequent confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. < 0.05 was statistically significant. Questionnaires completed by 652 eligible women were analyzed. The most common contraception method was oral pills (51.5% of respondents). Analysis of the internal consistency of the questionnaire revealed that overall reliability was >0.7, which is considered adequate (Cronbach's alpha = 0.845). Analysis of risk factors associated with higher overall SEC-QOL scores (worse overall quality of life) revealed several statistically significant variables. A "not good" relationship with their husbands, "heavy" menstrual flow, and premenstrual breast symptoms (breast pain, hypersensitivity, and increased size) were identified as risk factors for poor quality of life due to their association with the highest scores (poor quality of life). The Arabic version of the modified SEC-QOL is a valid and reliable tool to measure the quality of life of Saudi contraceptive users.

References

Mahfouz M, Elmahdy M, Ryani M, Abdelmola A, Kariri S, Alhazmi H . Contraceptive Use and the Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age in Jazan City, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023; 20(1). PMC: 9820157. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010843. View

Higgins J, Smith N . The Sexual Acceptability of Contraception: Reviewing the Literature and Building a New Concept. J Sex Res. 2016; 53(4-5):417-56. PMC: 4868075. DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2015.1134425. View

Gill T, Feinstein A . A critical appraisal of the quality of quality-of-life measurements. JAMA. 1994; 272(8):619-26. View

Lustyk M, Widman L, Paschane A, Ecker E . Stress, quality of life and physical activity in women with varying degrees of premenstrual symptomatology. Women Health. 2004; 39(3):35-44. DOI: 10.1300/J013v39n03_03. View

Teal S, Edelman A . Contraception Selection, Effectiveness, and Adverse Effects: A Review. JAMA. 2021; 326(24):2507-2518. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.21392. View

Farrokh-Eslamlou H, Oshnouei S, Heshmatian B, Akbari E . Premenstrual syndrome and quality of life in Iranian medical students. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2015; 6(1):23-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2014.06.009. View

Alsaleem M, Khalil S, Siddiqui A, Alzahrani M, Alsaleem S . Contraceptive use as limiters and spacers among women of reproductive age in southwestern, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2018; 39(11):1109-1115. PMC: 6274655. DOI: 10.15537/smj.2018.11.22817. View

Cristobal I, Lete L, de la Viuda E, Perulero N, Arbat A, Canals I . One year quality of life measured with SEC-QoL in levonorgestrel 52 mg IUS users. Contraception. 2016; 93(4):367-371. DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.12.014. View

Gharaibeh M, Alsharm S, Al Maaitah R, Heilat H, Marayan L . Quality of Life and Health Status of Jordanian Women Users of Various Contraceptive Methods and Associated Factors: Implications for Contraceptive Policies. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2022; 16:403-412. PMC: 8857971. DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S344822. View

10.

Henkel A, Reeves M, Shaw K . The experience of breast symptoms after second-trimester abortion or pregnancy loss. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023; 230(3):e3-e5. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.10.025. View

11.

Alhammadi M, Albogmi A, Alzahrani M, Shalabi B, Fatta F, AlBasri S . Menstrual cycle irregularity during examination among female medical students at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. BMC Womens Health. 2022; 22(1):367. PMC: 9446759. DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01952-2. View

12.

Leon-Larios F, Vazquez-Valeo C, Sanchez-Sanchez A, Gomez-Baya D, Macias-Seda J, Cabezas-Palacios M . Health-related quality of life in undergraduate women using any contraceptive. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2019; 17(1):90. PMC: 6534913. DOI: 10.1186/s12955-019-1157-2. View

13.

Al-Shahrani H, Hammad M . Relationship between emotional divorce and alexithymia among married women in Saudi Arabia. BMC Psychol. 2023; 11(1):217. PMC: 10398916. DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01236-w. View

14.

Perez-Campos E, Duenas J, de la Viuda E, Gomez M, Lertxundi R, Sanchez-Borrego R . Development and validation of the SEC-QOL questionnaire in women using contraceptive methods. Value Health. 2011; 14(6):892-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2011.08.1729. View

15.

Cetin A . Evaluation of Biological and Sociodemographic Factors Affecting Dysmenorrhea. Cureus. 2020; 12(5):e7977. PMC: 7273458. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7977. View

16.

Harada T, Momoeda M, Taketani Y, Hoshiai H, Terakawa N . Low-dose oral contraceptive pill for dysmenorrhea associated with endometriosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial. Fertil Steril. 2008; 90(5):1583-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.08.051. View