In Vitro Models of Cardiovascular Calcification

Overview

Journal Biomedicines

Specialty Biomedical Engineering

Date 2024 Sep 28

PMID 39335668

Authors

Andrea Toth

Eniko Balogh

Viktoria Jeney

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Cardiovascular calcification, characterized by hydroxyapatite deposition in the arterial wall and heart valves, is associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular calcification is a hallmark of aging but is frequently seen in association with chronic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension in the younger population as well. Currently, there is no therapeutic approach to prevent or cure cardiovascular calcification. The pathophysiology of cardiovascular calcification is highly complex and involves osteogenic differentiation of various cell types of the cardiovascular system, such as vascular smooth muscle cells and valve interstitial cells. In vitro cellular and ex vivo tissue culture models are simple and useful tools in cardiovascular calcification research. These models contributed largely to the discoveries of the numerous calcification inducers, inhibitors, and molecular mechanisms. In this review, we provide an overview of the in vitro cell culture and the ex vivo tissue culture models applied in the research of cardiovascular calcification.

References

Johnson R, Leopold J, Loscalzo J . Vascular calcification: pathobiological mechanisms and clinical implications. Circ Res. 2006; 99(10):1044-59. DOI: 10.1161/01.RES.0000249379.55535.21. View

Arakawa E, Hasegawa K, Irie J, Ide S, Ushiki J, Yamaguchi K . L-ascorbic acid stimulates expression of smooth muscle-specific markers in smooth muscle cells both in vitro and in vivo. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2003; 42(6):745-51. DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200312000-00008. View

Wilson P, DAgostino R, Levy D, Belanger A, Silbershatz H, Kannel W . Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998; 97(18):1837-47. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.97.18.1837. View

Dao H, Essalihi R, Bouvet C, Moreau P . Evolution and modulation of age-related medial elastocalcinosis: impact on large artery stiffness and isolated systolic hypertension. Cardiovasc Res. 2005; 66(2):307-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.01.012. View

Jono S, McKee M, Murry C, Shioi A, Nishizawa Y, Mori K . Phosphate regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. Circ Res. 2000; 87(7):E10-7. DOI: 10.1161/01.res.87.7.e10. View

El Husseini D, Boulanger M, Mahmut A, Bouchareb R, Laflamme M, Fournier D . P2Y2 receptor represses IL-6 expression by valve interstitial cells through Akt: implication for calcific aortic valve disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2014; 72:146-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.02.014. View

Steitz S, Speer M, Curinga G, Yang H, Haynes P, Aebersold R . Smooth muscle cell phenotypic transition associated with calcification: upregulation of Cbfa1 and downregulation of smooth muscle lineage markers. Circ Res. 2001; 89(12):1147-54. DOI: 10.1161/hh2401.101070. View

Wu M, Rementer C, Giachelli C . Vascular calcification: an update on mechanisms and challenges in treatment. Calcif Tissue Int. 2013; 93(4):365-73. PMC: 3714357. DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9712-z. View

Mokas S, Lariviere R, Lamalice L, Gobeil S, Cornfield D, Agharazii M . Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 plays a role in phosphate-induced vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. Kidney Int. 2016; 90(3):598-609. DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.05.020. View

10.

Shao J, Aly Z, Lai C, Cheng S, Cai J, Huang E . Vascular Bmp Msx2 Wnt signaling and oxidative stress in arterial calcification. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007; 1117:40-50. DOI: 10.1196/annals.1402.075. View

11.

Huang A, Li L, Liu X, Lian Q, Guo G, Xu T . Hedgehog signaling is a potential therapeutic target for vascular calcification. Gene. 2023; 872:147457. DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147457. View

12.

Zaheer A, Lenkinski R, Mahmood A, Jones A, Cantley L, Frangioni J . In vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging of osteoblastic activity. Nat Biotechnol. 2001; 19(12):1148-54. DOI: 10.1038/nbt1201-1148. View

13.

Li X, Liu A, Xie C, Chen Y, Zeng K, Xie C . The transcription factor GATA6 accelerates vascular smooth muscle cell senescence-related arterial calcification by counteracting the role of anti-aging factor SIRT6 and impeding DNA damage repair. Kidney Int. 2023; 105(1):115-131. DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.09.028. View

14.

Sallam T, Cheng H, Demer L, Tintut Y . Regulatory circuits controlling vascular cell calcification. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2012; 70(17):3187-97. PMC: 3638052. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1231-y. View

15.

Rattazzi M, Iop L, Faggin E, Bertacco E, Zoppellaro G, Baesso I . Clones of interstitial cells from bovine aortic valve exhibit different calcifying potential when exposed to endotoxin and phosphate. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008; 28(12):2165-72. DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.174342. View

16.

Jono S, Nishizawa Y, Shioi A, Morii H . Parathyroid hormone-related peptide as a local regulator of vascular calcification. Its inhibitory action on in vitro calcification by bovine vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997; 17(6):1135-42. DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.17.6.1135. View

17.

Shanahan C, Crouthamel M, Kapustin A, Giachelli C . Arterial calcification in chronic kidney disease: key roles for calcium and phosphate. Circ Res. 2011; 109(6):697-711. PMC: 3249146. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.234914. View

18.

Jiang H, Li L, Zhang L, Zang G, Sun Z, Wang Z . Role of endothelial cells in vascular calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022; 9:895005. PMC: 9343736. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.895005. View

19.

Zebboudj A, Shin V, Bostrom K . Matrix GLA protein and BMP-2 regulate osteoinduction in calcifying vascular cells. J Cell Biochem. 2003; 90(4):756-65. DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10669. View

20.

Leenders N, Bos C, Hoekstra T, Schurgers L, Vervloet M, Hoenderop J . Dietary magnesium supplementation inhibits abdominal vascular calcification in an experimental animal model of chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2022; 37(6):1049-1058. PMC: 9130027. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac026. View