Countermovement Jump Peak Power Changes with Age in Masters Weightlifters

Overview

Journal Sports (Basel)

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Public Health

Date 2024 Sep 27

PMID 39330736

Authors

Bryan L Riemann

Matthew Johnson

Matthew K Helms

Andrew Hatchett

Joseph D Vondrasek

Cullun Q Watts

Marianne Huebner

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Aging is associated with decreased muscle strength and power. Power is particularly important for maintaining the independence of older adults when performing activities of daily living. The countermovement jump has been identified as a reliable and safe method to assess lower extremity power across the lifespan. The purpose of this investigation was to study sex differences and age-related changes in countermovement jump peak power among masters weightlifters with the secondary purpose of comparing results to previous reports of community and masters athletes. Female ( = 63, 39 to 70 yrs, med (56 yrs)) and male ( = 39, 35 to 86 yrs, med (59 yrs)) participants of the 2022 World Masters Championships completed three maximal effort countermovement jump repetitions following a dynamic warm-up. Vertical ground reaction forces were recorded, and peak power normalized to body mass was calculated. Results indicated significant age-related peak power among weightlifters, with the decline being significantly more pronounced in males than females. Female weightlifters exhibited less age-related decline compared to normative data as well as the other Master athlete comparison cohorts (short and long-distance runners), whereas the males demonstrated similar age-related declines as the comparison cohorts. While the female weightlifters in the current study generally demonstrated the least age-related declines in CMJ peak power of the comparative literature, the male weightlifters showed similar age-related decline rates.

References

Ireland A, Mittag U, Degens H, Felsenberg D, Heinonen A, Koltai E . Age-Related Declines in Lower Limb Muscle Function are Similar in Power and Endurance Athletes of Both Sexes: A Longitudinal Study of Master Athletes. Calcif Tissue Int. 2021; 110(2):196-203. PMC: 8784358. DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00907-3. View

Grassi B, Cerretelli P, Narici M, Marconi C . Peak anaerobic power in master athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1991; 62(6):394-9. DOI: 10.1007/BF00626609. View

Mosier E, Fry A, Lane M . Kinetic Contributions of The Upper Limbs During Counter-Movement Verical Jumps With and Without Arm Swing. J Strength Cond Res. 2017; 33(8):2066-2073. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002275. View

Siglinsky E, Krueger D, Ward R, Caserotti P, Strotmeyer E, Harris T . Effect of age and sex on jumping mechanography and other measures of muscle mass and function. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2015; 15(4):301-8. PMC: 4784267. View

Sanchez-Sixto A, Harrison A, Floria P . Larger Countermovement Increases the Jump Height of Countermovement Jump. Sports (Basel). 2018; 6(4). PMC: 6316300. DOI: 10.3390/sports6040131. View

Runge M, Rittweger J, Russo C, Schiessl H, Felsenberg D . Is muscle power output a key factor in the age-related decline in physical performance? A comparison of muscle cross section, chair-rising test and jumping power. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2004; 24(6):335-40. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2004.00567.x. View

Farias D, Teixeira T, Madrid B, Pinho D, Boullosa D, Prestes J . Reliability of vertical jump performance evaluated with contact mat in elderly women. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2013; 33(4):288-92. DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12026. View

Petermann-Rocha F, Balntzi V, Gray S, Lara J, Ho F, Pell J . Global prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2021; 13(1):86-99. PMC: 8818604. DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12783. View

Hawkins S, Wiswell R, Marcell T . Exercise and the master athlete--a model of successful aging?. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003; 58(11):1009-11. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/58.11.m1009. View

10.

Phillips S, Rook K, Siddle N, Bruce S, Woledge R . Muscle weakness in women occurs at an earlier age than in men, but strength is preserved by hormone replacement therapy. Clin Sci (Lond). 1993; 84(1):95-8. DOI: 10.1042/cs0840095. View

11.

Caserotti P, Aagaard P, Simonsen E, Puggaard L . Contraction-specific differences in maximal muscle power during stretch-shortening cycle movements in elderly males and females. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2001; 84(3):206-12. DOI: 10.1007/s004210170006. View

12.

Ditroilo M, Forte R, McKeown D, Boreham C, De Vito G . Intra- and inter-session reliability of vertical jump performance in healthy middle-aged and older men and women. J Sports Sci. 2011; 29(15):1675-82. DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2011.614270. View

13.

Nilwik R, Snijders T, Leenders M, Groen B, van Kranenburg J, Verdijk L . The decline in skeletal muscle mass with aging is mainly attributed to a reduction in type II muscle fiber size. Exp Gerontol. 2013; 48(5):492-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.02.012. View

14.

Slawinski J, Bonnefoy A, Ontanon G, Leveque J, Miller C, Riquet A . Segment-interaction in sprint start: Analysis of 3D angular velocity and kinetic energy in elite sprinters. J Biomech. 2010; 43(8):1494-502. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.01.044. View

15.

Berton R, Lixandrao M, Pinto E Silva C, Tricoli V . Effects of weightlifting exercise, traditional resistance and plyometric training on countermovement jump performance: a meta-analysis. J Sports Sci. 2018; 36(18):2038-2044. DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1434746. View

16.

Lees A, Vanrenterghem J, Clercq D . Understanding how an arm swing enhances performance in the vertical jump. J Biomech. 2004; 37(12):1929-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.02.021. View

17.

Skelton D, Greig C, Davies J, Young A . Strength, power and related functional ability of healthy people aged 65-89 years. Age Ageing. 1994; 23(5):371-7. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/23.5.371. View

18.

Holsgaard Larsen A, Caserotti P, Puggaard L, Aagaard P . Reproducibility and relationship of single-joint strength vs multi-joint strength and power in aging individuals. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2006; 17(1):43-53. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00560.x. View

19.

Wu F, Tajar A, Beynon J, Pye S, Silman A, Finn J . Identification of late-onset hypogonadism in middle-aged and elderly men. N Engl J Med. 2010; 363(2):123-35. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0911101. View

20.

Trevino M, Sterczala A, Miller J, Wray M, Dimmick H, Ciccone A . Sex-related differences in muscle size explained by amplitudes of higher-threshold motor unit action potentials and muscle fibre typing. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2018; 225(4):e13151. DOI: 10.1111/apha.13151. View