Oral Cholera Vaccine Coverage in Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2022, Following 2019-2020 Targeted Preventative Mass Campaigns

Overview

Journal Vaccine X

Date 2024 Sep 24

PMID 39315336

Authors

Emily Briskin

Stephane Hans Bateyi Mustafa

Rachel Mahamba

Deka Kabunga

Janvier Kubuya

Klaudia Porten

Laurent Akilimali

Placide Okitayemba Welo

Anais Broban

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: In 2019-2020, preventative Oral Cholera Vaccine campaigns were conducted in 24/32 non-contiguous health areas of Goma, DR Congo. In August 2022, we measured coverage and factors potentially influencing success of the delivery strategy.

Methods: We used random geo-sampled stratified cluster survey to estimate OCV coverage and assess population movement, diarrhea history, and reasons for non-vaccination.

Results: 603 households were visited. Coverage with at least one dose was 46.4 % (95 %CI: 41.8-51.0), and 50.1 % (95 %CI: 45.4-54.8) in areas targeted by vaccination compared to 26.3 % (95 %CI: 19.2-34.9) in non-targeted areas. Additionally, 7.0 % of participants reported moving from outside Goma since 2019, and 5.4 % reported history of severe diarrhea. Absence and unawareness were the main reasons for non-vaccination.

Conclusion: Results suggest that targeting non-contiguous urban areas had a coverage-diluting effect. Targeting entire geographically contiguous areas, adapted distribution, and regular catch-up campaigns are operational recommendations to reach higher coverages arising from the study.

References

Im J, Islam M, Ahmmed F, Kim D, Tadesse B, Kang S . Do Oral Cholera Vaccine and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Combine to Provide Greater Protection Against Cholera? Results From a Cluster-Randomized Trial of Oral Cholera Vaccine in Kolkata, India. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024; 11(1):ofad701. PMC: 10810060. DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad701. View

Bi Q, Ferreras E, Pezzoli L, Legros D, Ivers L, Date K . Protection against cholera from killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017; 17(10):1080-1088. PMC: 5639147. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30359-6. View

van Delden J, van der Graaf R . Revised CIOMS International Ethical Guidelines for Health-Related Research Involving Humans. JAMA. 2016; 317(2):135-136. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.18977. View

Gelormini M, Gripenberg M, Marke D, Murray M, Yambasu S, Koblo Kamara M . Coverage survey and lessons learned from a pre-emptive cholera vaccination campaign in urban and rural communities affected by landslides and floods in Freetown Sierra Leone. Vaccine. 2023; 41(14):2397-2403. PMC: 10102719. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.026. View

Ganesan D, Gupta S, Legros D . Cholera surveillance and estimation of burden of cholera. Vaccine. 2019; 38 Suppl 1:A13-A17. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.036. View

Ciglenecki I, Sakoba K, Luquero F, Heile M, Itama C, Mengel M . Feasibility of mass vaccination campaign with oral cholera vaccines in response to an outbreak in Guinea. PLoS Med. 2013; 10(9):e1001512. PMC: 3769208. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001512. View

Mukonka V, Sialubanje C, Matapo B, Chewe O, Ngomah A, Ngosa W . Euvichol-plus vaccine campaign coverage during the 2017/2018 cholera outbreak in Lusaka district, Zambia: a cross-sectional descriptive study. BMJ Open. 2023; 13(10):e070796. PMC: 10565249. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070796. View

Ahmed A, Sijercic V, Akhtar M, Elbayomy A, Marouf M, Zeleke M . Cholera rages in Africa and the Middle East: A narrative review on challenges and solutions. Health Sci Rep. 2024; 7(5):e2013. PMC: 11089255. DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2013. View

. Cholera vaccines: WHO position paper – August 2017. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2017; 92(34):477-98. View

10.

Massing L, Aboubakar S, Blake A, Page A, Cohuet S, Ngandwe A . Highly targeted cholera vaccination campaigns in urban setting are feasible: The experience in Kalemie, Democratic Republic of Congo. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018; 12(5):e0006369. PMC: 5957443. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006369. View

11.

Luquero F, Grout L, Ciglenecki I, Sakoba K, Traore B, Heile M . First outbreak response using an oral cholera vaccine in Africa: vaccine coverage, acceptability and surveillance of adverse events, Guinea, 2012. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013; 7(10):e2465. PMC: 3798604. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002465. View

12.

Burki T . The great cholera vaccine shortage. Lancet. 2024; 403(10430):891-892. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00467-7. View

13.

Khan A, Islam M, Siddique S, Ahmed S, Sheikh N, Siddik A . Post-vaccination campaign coverage evaluation of oral cholera vaccine, oral polio vaccine and measles-rubella vaccine among Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals in Bangladesh. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019; 15(12):2882-2886. PMC: 6930105. DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1616502. View

14.

Ferreras E, Chizema-Kawesha E, Blake A, Chewe O, Mwaba J, Zulu G . Single-Dose Cholera Vaccine in Response to an Outbreak in Zambia. N Engl J Med. 2018; 378(6):577-579. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1711583. View

15.

Zheng Q, Luquero F, Ciglenecki I, Wamala J, Abubakar A, Welo P . Cholera outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa during 2010-2019: a descriptive analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2022; 122:215-221. PMC: 9439956. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.05.039. View