Strategies for Engineering Oncolytic Viruses to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy

Overview

Journal Front Pharmacol

Date 2024 Sep 23

PMID 39309012

Authors

Ziyang Steve Yin

Zhengfeng Wang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the predominant form of lung cancer and is characterized by rapid metastasis and high mortality, presenting a challenge for early-stage treatment modalities. The heterogeneity of NSCLC's tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly influences the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy, leading to varied patient responses. This review characterized different strains of oncolytic viruses in NSCLC and the different gene edits in pre-existing oncolytic viruses. This study also aimed to provide strategies to enhance anti-PD-1 therapy in NSCLC by engineering oncolytic viruses (OVs). This study offers insights into the genomic adaptations necessary for OVs targeting NSCLC, identify genetic determinants of anti-PD-1 response variability, and propose genomic edits to bolster therapy effectiveness. The primary goal of this study is to present a theoretically designed OV with a detailed genomic framework capable of enhancing the response to anti-PD-1 therapy, thereby advancing the field of cancer immunotherapy.

References

Chan B, Hughes B . Targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer: current standards and the promise of the future. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2015; 4(1):36-54. PMC: 4367711. DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2014.05.01. View

Sharma P, Hu-Lieskovan S, Wargo J, Ribas A . Primary, Adaptive, and Acquired Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy. Cell. 2017; 168(4):707-723. PMC: 5391692. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.017. View

Harrington K, Freeman D, Kelly B, Harper J, Soria J . Optimizing oncolytic virotherapy in cancer treatment. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2019; 18(9):689-706. DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0029-0. View

Yang Z, Guo J, Weng L, Tang W, Jin S, Ma W . Myeloid-derived suppressor cells-new and exciting players in lung cancer. J Hematol Oncol. 2020; 13(1):10. PMC: 6995114. DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-0843-1. View

Liu B, Robinson M, Han Z, Branston R, English C, Reay P . ICP34.5 deleted herpes simplex virus with enhanced oncolytic, immune stimulating, and anti-tumour properties. Gene Ther. 2003; 10(4):292-303. DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301885. View

Rheinheimer S, Heussel C, Mayer P, Gaissmaier L, Bozorgmehr F, Winter H . Oligoprogressive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer under Treatment with PD-(L)1 Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel). 2020; 12(4). PMC: 7226015. DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041046. View

Buller R, Chakrabarti S, Cooper J, Twardzik D, Moss B . Deletion of the vaccinia virus growth factor gene reduces virus virulence. J Virol. 1988; 62(3):866-74. PMC: 253644. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.62.3.866-874.1988. View

Ye T, Jiang K, Wei L, Barr M, Xu Q, Zhang G . Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus induces autophagy-dependent immunogenic cell death in lung cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res. 2018; 8(8):1514-1527. PMC: 6129498. View

Kazemi S, Papadopoulou S, Li S, Su Q, Wang S, Yoshimura A . Control of alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2 alpha) phosphorylation by the human papillomavirus type 18 E6 oncoprotein: implications for eIF2 alpha-dependent gene expression and cell death. Mol Cell Biol. 2004; 24(8):3415-29. PMC: 381675. DOI: 10.1128/MCB.24.8.3415-3429.2004. View

10.

Ando Y, Kitayama H, Kawaguchi Y, Koyanagi Y . Primary target cells of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the hippocampus. Microbes Infect. 2008; 10(14-15):1514-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.09.005. View

11.

Limagne E, Richard C, Thibaudin M, Fumet J, Truntzer C, Lagrange A . Tim-3/galectin-9 pathway and mMDSC control primary and secondary resistances to PD-1 blockade in lung cancer patients. Oncoimmunology. 2019; 8(4):e1564505. PMC: 6422400. DOI: 10.1080/2162402X.2018.1564505. View

12.

Cai F, Zhu Q, Miao Y, Shen S, Su X, Shi Y . Desmoglein-2 is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer tissues and its knockdown suppresses NSCLC growth by regulation of p27 and CDK2. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2016; 143(1):59-69. DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2250-0. View

13.

VanSeggelen H, Tantalo D, Afsahi A, Hammill J, Bramson J . Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells as oncolytic virus carriers. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2016; 2:15014. PMC: 4782951. DOI: 10.1038/mto.2015.14. View

14.

Chen L, Chen H, Ye J, Ge Y, Wang H, Dai E . Intratumoral expression of interleukin 23 variants using oncolytic vaccinia virus elicit potent antitumor effects on multiple tumor models via tumor microenvironment modulation. Theranostics. 2021; 11(14):6668-6681. PMC: 8171085. DOI: 10.7150/thno.56494. View

15.

Zhou S, Yang H . Immunotherapy resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer: From mechanism to clinical strategies. Front Immunol. 2023; 14:1129465. PMC: 10115980. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129465. View

16.

Ferguson M, Lemoine N, Wang Y . Systemic delivery of oncolytic viruses: hopes and hurdles. Adv Virol. 2012; 2012:805629. PMC: 3287020. DOI: 10.1155/2012/805629. View

17.

Geisler A, Hazini A, Heimann L, Kurreck J, Fechner H . Coxsackievirus B3-Its Potential as an Oncolytic Virus. Viruses. 2021; 13(5). PMC: 8143167. DOI: 10.3390/v13050718. View

18.

Wang Z, Zhong M, Fu M, Dou T, Bian Z . Evidence of positive selection at signal peptide region of interferon gamma. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2014; 78(4):588-92. DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.896732. View

19.

Skoulidis F, Goldberg M, Greenawalt D, Hellmann M, Awad M, Gainor J . Mutations and PD-1 Inhibitor Resistance in -Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Discov. 2018; 8(7):822-835. PMC: 6030433. DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-18-0099. View

20.

Letunic I, Khedkar S, Bork P . SMART: recent updates, new developments and status in 2020. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020; 49(D1):D458-D460. PMC: 7778883. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa937. View