Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Population Structure and Insecticide Resistance Markers in Anopheles Melas from the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau

Overview

Journal Parasit Vectors

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialties Parasitology
Tropical Medicine

Date 2024 Sep 18

PMID 39294791

Authors

Sophie Moss

Elizabeth Pretorius

Sainey Ceesay

Eunice Teixeira da Silva

Harry Hutchins

Mamadou Ousmane Ndiath

Holly Acford-Palmer

Emma L Collins

Matthew Higgins

Jody Phelan

Robert T Jones

Hristina Vasileva

Amabelia Rodrigues

Sanjeev Krishna

Taane G Clark

Anna Last

Susana Campino

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Anopheles melas is an understudied malaria vector with a potential role in malaria transmission on the Bijagós Archipelago of Guinea-Bissau. This study presents the first whole-genome sequencing and population genetic analysis for this species from the Bijagós. To our knowledge, this also represents the largest population genetic analysis using WGS data from non-pooled An. melas mosquitoes.

Methods: WGS was conducted for 30 individual An. melas collected during the peak malaria transmission season in 2019 from six different islands on the Bijagós Archipelago. Bioinformatics tools were used to investigate the population structure and prevalence of insecticide resistance markers in this mosquito population.

Results: Insecticide resistance mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.s. from the Bijagós were absent in the An. melas population, and no signatures of selective sweeps were identified in insecticide resistance-associated genes. Analysis of structural variants identified a large duplication encompassing the cytochrome-P450 gene cyp9k1. Phylogenetic analysis using publicly available mitochondrial genomes indicated that An. melas from the Bijagós split into two phylogenetic groups because of differentiation on the mitochondrial genome attributed to the cytochrome C oxidase subunits COX I and COX II and the NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1, 4, 4L and 5.

Conclusions: This study identified an absence of insecticide-resistant SNPs common to An. gambiae in the An. melas population, but did identify structural variation over insecticide resistance-associated genes. Furthermore, this study presents novel insights into the population structure of this malaria vector using WGS analysis. Additional studies are required to further understand the role of this vector in malaria transmission.

Citing Articles

Omics Approaches in Understanding Insecticide Resistance in Mosquito Vectors.

Bharadwaj N, Sharma R, Subramanian M, Ragini G, Nagarajan S, Rahi M Int J Mol Sci. 2025; 26(5).

PMID: 40076478 PMC: 11899280. DOI: 10.3390/ijms26051854.

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