Phytochemical Profile and Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts Against Oral Microorganisms

Overview

Journal Heliyon

Specialty Social Sciences

Date 2024 Sep 16

PMID 39281546

Authors

Anita Kamaruddin

Wan Himratul Aznita Wan Harun

Marina Mohd Bakri

Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin

Nelli Giribabu

Syarifah Nur Syed Abdul Rahman

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: The growing problem of antimicrobial resistance on a global scale has highlighted the need to investigate alternative antimicrobial agents with reduced side effects. Plant-derived secondary metabolites have emerged as potential contenders in tackling this challenge. , a perennial plant, has traditionally been utilized for the treatment of gum boils, toothaches, and infections. This plant exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties. However, its potential as an antimicrobial agent against oral microorganisms has yet to be investigated. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial properties of extracts against selected bacteria and fungi commonly present in the oral cavity.

Methodology: samples were collected from Bagan Datuk, Perak, Malaysia, and subsequently identified at Universiti Malaya. The ethanolic extract of the leaves (ELJC) and the stem bark latex (LJC) of were tested against six species of oral microorganism: s, , , , and a mixture of these microorganisms. The methods employed in this study were well diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bacterial concentration, live-dead assay, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

Results: ELJC and LJC demonstrated significant antimicrobial effects (p < 0.05). Treatment with ELJC and LJC resulted in morphological changes and increased death rates in the targeted microorganisms. ELJC was found to contain more than 300 bioactive compounds, with isovitexin, being the most abundant. In contrast, LJC exhibited over 1000 bioactive compounds with 2-hexyl-decanoic acid and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid being the predominant constituents.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that the antimicrobial effects observed in ELJC and LJC against and can be primarily attributed to isovitexin, 2-hexyl-decanoic acid, and trihydroxybenzoic acid. However, further research and investigation are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms by which these constituents exert their antimicrobial effects on the microorganisms.

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