Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Essential Oil Against Oral Pathogens

Overview

Journal Biomed Res Int

Publisher Wiley

Specialties Biomedical Engineering
Biotechnology
General Medicine

Date 2024 Sep 16

PMID 39281058

Authors

Maryam Moshaverinia

Sarina Sahmeddini

Fatemeh Lavee

Zahra Zareshahrabadi

Kamiar Zomorodian

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Aim: Oral infections associated with a wide diversity of microorganisms, including bacteria and yeasts, occur frequently in humans, affecting the whole oral cavity and well-being. Oral pathogens easily grow and propagate in the oral cavity, leading to the formation of dental plaque on both soft and hard tissue. The oral cavity contains up to 700 different species of microorganisms, which and are the most common organisms. Oral diseases continue to increase despite the best efforts of the medical and scientific communities. During the past decades, drug resistance to common antibiotics used in the treatment of oral infections has been raised to high levels worldwide. To overcome such resistance, there is a growing tendency to use herbal medicine as alternative. This study was conducted to find out the chemical constitution of () essential oil and to determine its antimicrobial and anti-biofilm efficacy against common oral pathogens.

Materials And Methods: The chemical compositions of the essential oil distilled from plants were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against common , , , and strains was assessed by broth microdilution in 96-well plates as suggested by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) methods. Biofilm growth and development were assessed using XTT reduction assay.

Results: Based on the GC/MS test results, (67.75%) followed by (E-) (7.27%) was the main component of this essential oil inhibited the growth of examined microbial pathogens at concentrations of 0.031-16 L/mL. Also, the essential oil showed biofilm inhibition of greater than 95% in the concentration of 8 L/mL against all tested bacterial strains as well as ( value < 0.05).

Conclusions: Considering the significant antimicrobial activities of , this essential oil has the potential to be used as further antimicrobial and anti-biofilm pharmaceutical products in the control and treatment of oral infections.

Citing Articles

Effect of Xylitol and Fluoride Varnish on Biofilm and Saliva in Orthodontic Patients: A Triple-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

Babanouri N, Sahmeddini S, Khadang S, Bazargani A Clin Exp Dent Res. 2025; 11(1):e70062.

PMID: 39988682 PMC: 11847642. DOI: 10.1002/cre2.70062.

FeO@SiO/Schiff-base/Zn (II) nanocomposite functioning as a versatile antimicrobial agent against bacterial and fungal pathogens.

Azadi S, Amani A, Jangjou A, Vaez A, Zareshahrabadi Z, Zare A Sci Rep. 2025; 15(1):5694.

PMID: 39962153 PMC: 11833134. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-86518-6.

Corrigendum to "Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Essential Oil against Oral Pathogens".

Moshaverinia M, Sahmeddini S, Lavaee F, Zareshahrabadi Z, Zomorodian K Biomed Res Int. 2024; 2024:9797835.

PMID: 39712885 PMC: 11661865. DOI: 10.1155/bmri/9797835.

Microfluidic and impedance analysis of rosemary essential oil: implications for dental health.

Joseph K, Petrovic B, Ibrahim S, Thiha A, Milic L, Ahmad M Biomed Eng Online. 2024; 23(1):111.

PMID: 39497132 PMC: 11533331. DOI: 10.1186/s12938-024-01301-4.

References

Khan S, Khan M, Ahmad J, Wahab R, Abd-Elkader O, Musarrat J . Thymol and carvacrol induce autolysis, stress, growth inhibition and reduce the biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. AMB Express. 2017; 7(1):49. PMC: 5323333. DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0344-y. View

Bonvicini F, Belluti F, Bisi A, Gobbi S, Manet I, Gentilomi G . Improved eradication efficacy of a combination of newly identified antimicrobial agents in C. albicans and S. aureus mixed-species biofilm. Res Microbiol. 2021; 172(6):103873. DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103873. View

Lee J, Jeong W, Seo S, Kim H, Kim K, Choi E . Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma functionalized dental implant for enhancement of bacterial resistance and osseointegration. Dent Mater. 2017; 33(3):257-270. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.11.011. View

Fragkou S, Balasouli C, Tsuzukibashi O, Argyropoulou A, Menexes G, Kotsanos N . Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Candida albicans in oral samples from caries-free and caries-active children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2016; 17(5):367-375. DOI: 10.1007/s40368-016-0239-7. View

Ansarifard E, Zareshahrabadi Z, Sarafraz N, Zomorodian K . Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles within Soft Denture Liners against Oral Pathogens. Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2021; 2021:9939275. PMC: 8195668. DOI: 10.1155/2021/9939275. View

Hejazi M, Zareshahrabadi Z, Ashayeri S, Saharkhiz M, Iraji A, Alishahi M . Characterization and Physical and Biological Properties of Tissue Conditioner Incorporated with . Biomed Res Int. 2021; 2021:5577760. PMC: 8376465. DOI: 10.1155/2021/5577760. View

McCormack M, Smith A, Akram A, Jackson M, Robertson D, Edwards G . Staphylococcus aureus and the oral cavity: an overlooked source of carriage and infection?. Am J Infect Control. 2015; 43(1):35-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2014.09.015. View

Vila T, Sultan A, Montelongo-Jauregui D, Jabra-Rizk M . Oral Candidiasis: A Disease of Opportunity. J Fungi (Basel). 2020; 6(1). PMC: 7151112. DOI: 10.3390/jof6010015. View

Dalleau S, Cateau E, Berges T, Berjeaud J, Imbert C . In vitro activity of terpenes against Candida biofilms. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008; 31(6):572-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.01.028. View

10.

Krishnan K, Chen T, Paster B . A practical guide to the oral microbiome and its relation to health and disease. Oral Dis. 2016; 23(3):276-286. PMC: 5122475. DOI: 10.1111/odi.12509. View

11.

Sonboli A, Babakhani B, Mehrabian A . Antimicrobial activity of six constituents of essential oil from Salvia. Z Naturforsch C J Biosci. 2006; 61(3-4):160-4. DOI: 10.1515/znc-2006-3-401. View

12.

Akbari Aghdam M, Soroush Barhaghi M, Aghazadeh M, Jafari F, Beomide Hagh M, Haghdoost M . Virulence genes in biofilm producer Enterococcus faecalis isolates from root canal infections. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2017; 63(5):55-59. DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2017.63.5.11. View

13.

Salehi B, Kregiel D, Mahady G, Sharifi-Rad J, Martins N, Rodrigues C . Management of - spp. Oral Biofilms' Infections: Paving the Way for Effective Clinical Interventions. J Clin Med. 2020; 9(2). PMC: 7074106. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020517. View

14.

Kerekes E, Vidacs A, Tako M, Petkovits T, Vagvolgyi C, Horvath G . Anti-Biofilm Effect of Selected Essential Oils and Main Components on Mono- and Polymicrobic Bacterial Cultures. Microorganisms. 2019; 7(9). PMC: 6780703. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090345. View

15.

Tohidi B, Rahimmalek M, Arzani A . Essential oil composition, total phenolic, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity of Thymus species collected from different regions of Iran. Food Chem. 2016; 220:153-161. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.203. View

16.

Lambert R, Skandamis P, Coote P, Nychas G . A study of the minimum inhibitory concentration and mode of action of oregano essential oil, thymol and carvacrol. J Appl Microbiol. 2001; 91(3):453-62. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01428.x. View

17.

Valliammai A, Selvaraj A, Mathumitha P, Aravindraja C, Pandian S . Polymeric antibiofilm coating comprising synergistic combination of citral and thymol prevents methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation on titanium. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2021; 121:111863. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111863. View

18.

de Souza E, de Barros J, de Oliveira C, da Conceicao M . Influence of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil on enterotoxin production, membrane permeability and surface characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Food Microbiol. 2009; 137(2-3):308-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.11.025. View

19.

Acs K, Balazs V, Kocsis B, Bencsik T, Boszormenyi A, Horvath G . Antibacterial activity evaluation of selected essential oils in liquid and vapor phase on respiratory tract pathogens. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018; 18(1):227. PMC: 6064118. DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2291-9. View

20.

Merghni A, Marzouki H, Hentati H, Aouni M, Mastouri M . Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Laurus nobilis L. essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with oral infections. Pathol Biol (Paris). 2015; . DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2015.10.003. View