Black Phosphorus for Bone Regeneration: Mechanisms Involved and Influencing Factors

Overview

Journal Mater Today Bio

Specialty Biomedical Engineering

Date 2024 Sep 16

PMID 39280114

Authors

Ting Sun

Chufeng Li

Jiayi Luan

Fujian Zhao

Yanli Zhang

Jia Liu

Longquan Shao

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

BP has shown good potential for promoting bone regeneration. However, the understanding of the mechanisms of BP-enhanced bone regeneration is still limited. This review first summarizes the recent advances in applications of BP in bone regeneration. We further highlight the possibility that BP enhances bone regeneration by regulating the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts, vascular endothelial cells (VECs), and macrophages, mainly through the regulation of cytoskeletal remodeling, energy metabolism, oxidation resistance and surface adsorption properties, etc. In addition, moderating the physicochemical properties of BP (i.e., shape, size, and surface charge) can alter the effects of BP on bone regeneration. This review reveals the underlying mechanisms of BP-enhanced bone regeneration and provides strategies for further material design of BP-based materials for bone regeneration.

References

Mo J, Xu Y, Wang X, Wei W, Zhao J . Exploiting the protein corona: coating of black phosphorus nanosheets enables macrophage polarization via calcium influx. Nanoscale. 2020; 12(3):1742-1748. DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08570j. View

Xu M, Qi Y, Liu G, Song Y, Jiang X, Du B . Size-Dependent Transport of Nanoparticles: Implications for Delivery, Targeting, and Clearance. ACS Nano. 2023; 17(21):20825-20849. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05853. View

Calvo M, Lamberg-Allardt C . Phosphorus. Adv Nutr. 2015; 6(6):860-2. PMC: 4642415. DOI: 10.3945/an.115.008516. View

OConnor C, Brady E, Zheng Y, Moore E, Stevens K . Engineering the multiscale complexity of vascular networks. Nat Rev Mater. 2022; 7(9):702-716. PMC: 9154041. DOI: 10.1038/s41578-022-00447-8. View

Tong L, Liao Q, Zhao Y, Huang H, Gao A, Zhang W . Near-infrared light control of bone regeneration with biodegradable photothermal osteoimplant. Biomaterials. 2018; 193:1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.12.008. View

Huang X, Brazel C . On the importance and mechanisms of burst release in matrix-controlled drug delivery systems. J Control Release. 2001; 73(2-3):121-36. DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(01)00248-6. View

Esteras N, Blacker T, Zherebtsov E, Stelmashuk O, Zhang Y, Wigley W . Nrf2 regulates glucose uptake and metabolism in neurons and astrocytes. Redox Biol. 2023; 62:102672. PMC: 10034142. DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102672. View

Wang D, Canaff L, Davidson D, Corluka A, Liu H, Hendy G . Alterations in the sensing and transport of phosphate and calcium by differentiating chondrocytes. J Biol Chem. 2001; 276(36):33995-4005. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M007757200. View

Fang L, Liu Z, Wang C, Shi M, He Y, Lu A . Vascular restoration through local delivery of angiogenic factors stimulates bone regeneration in critical size defects. Bioact Mater. 2024; 36:580-594. PMC: 11295624. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.07.003. View

10.

Jing X, Xu C, Su W, Ding Q, Ye B, Su Y . Photosensitive and Conductive Hydrogel Induced Innerved Bone Regeneration for Infected Bone Defect Repair. Adv Healthc Mater. 2022; 12(3):e2201349. DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201349. View

11.

Love M, Palee S, Chattipakorn S, Chattipakorn N . Effects of electrical stimulation on cell proliferation and apoptosis. J Cell Physiol. 2017; 233(3):1860-1876. DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25975. View

12.

Mozar A, Haren N, Chasseraud M, Louvet L, Maziere C, Wattel A . High extracellular inorganic phosphate concentration inhibits RANK-RANKL signaling in osteoclast-like cells. J Cell Physiol. 2007; 215(1):47-54. DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21283. View

13.

Li X, Montague E, Pollinzi A, Lofts A, Hoare T . Design of Smart Size-, Surface-, and Shape-Switching Nanoparticles to Improve Therapeutic Efficacy. Small. 2021; 18(6):e2104632. DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104632. View

14.

Su N, Villicana C, Yang F . Immunomodulatory strategies for bone regeneration: A review from the perspective of disease types. Biomaterials. 2022; 286:121604. PMC: 9881498. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121604. View

15.

Brusatin G, Panciera T, Gandin A, Citron A, Piccolo S . Biomaterials and engineered microenvironments to control YAP/TAZ-dependent cell behaviour. Nat Mater. 2018; 17(12):1063-1075. PMC: 6992423. DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0180-8. View

16.

Xu C, Chang Y, Xu Y, Wu P, Mu C, Nie A . Silicon-Phosphorus-Nanosheets-Integrated 3D-Printable Hydrogel as a Bioactive and Biodegradable Scaffold for Vascularized Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater. 2021; 11(6):e2101911. DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101911. View

17.

Sun C, Wen L, Zeng J, Wang Y, Sun Q, Deng L . One-pot solventless preparation of PEGylated black phosphorus nanoparticles for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy of cancer. Biomaterials. 2016; 91:81-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.022. View

18.

Schlundt C, Reinke S, Geissler S, Bucher C, Giannini C, Mardian S . Individual Effector/Regulator T Cell Ratios Impact Bone Regeneration. Front Immunol. 2019; 10:1954. PMC: 6706871. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01954. View

19.

Schlundt C, Fischer H, Bucher C, Rendenbach C, Duda G, Schmidt-Bleek K . The multifaceted roles of macrophages in bone regeneration: A story of polarization, activation and time. Acta Biomater. 2021; 133:46-57. DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.052. View

20.

Xu Y, Xu C, He L, Zhou J, Chen T, Ouyang L . Stratified-structural hydrogel incorporated with magnesium-ion-modified black phosphorus nanosheets for promoting neuro-vascularized bone regeneration. Bioact Mater. 2022; 16:271-284. PMC: 8965728. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.024. View