SIRT1 Regulates Mitochondrial Damage in N2a Cells Treated with the Prion Protein Fragment 106-126 Via PGC-1α-TFAM-Mediated Mitochondrial Biogenesis

Mitochondrial damage is an early and key marker of neuronal damage in prion diseases. As a process involved in mitochondrial quality control, mitochondrial biogenesis regulates mitochondrial homeostasis in neurons and promotes neuron health by increasing the number of effective mitochondria in the cytoplasm. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase that regulates neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control in neurodegenerative diseases via deacetylation of a variety of substrates. In a cellular model of prion diseases, we found that both SIRT1 protein levels and deacetylase activity decreased, and SIRT1 overexpression and activation significantly ameliorated mitochondrial morphological damage and dysfunction caused by the neurotoxic peptide PrP. Moreover, we found that mitochondrial biogenesis was impaired, and SIRT1 overexpression and activation alleviated PrP-induced impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis in N2a cells. Further studies in PrP-treated N2a cells revealed that SIRT1 regulates mitochondrial biogenesis through the PGC-1α-TFAM pathway. Finally, we showed that resveratrol resolved PrP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis through activation of the SIRT1-dependent PGC-1α/TFAM signaling pathway in N2a cells. Taken together, our findings further describe SIRT1 regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and improve our understanding of mitochondria-related pathogenesis in prion diseases. Our findings support further investigation of SIRT1 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention of prion diseases.