Effects of Isolation Stress and Voluntary Ethanol Exposure During Adolescence on Ethanol and Nicotine Co-use in Adulthood Using Male Rats

Overview

Journal Drug Alcohol Depend Rep

Specialty Psychiatry

Date 2024 Sep 12

PMID 39262667

Authors

Jakob D Shaykin

Lydia N Olyha

Catherine E Van Doorn

Joshua D Hales

Cassie M Chandler

Deann M Hopkins

Kimberly Nixon

Joshua S Beckmann

James R Pauly

Michael T Bardo

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Alcohol use in adolescence may increase susceptibility to substance use disorders (SUDs) in adulthood. This study determined if voluntary ethanol (EtOH) consumption during adolescence, combined with social isolation, alters the trajectory of EtOH and nicotine intake during adulthood, as well as activating brain neuroinflammation.

Methods: Adolescent male isolate- and group-housed rats were given 0.2 % saccharin/20 % EtOH (Sacc/EtOH) or water using intermittent 2-bottle choice; controls were given water in both bottles (n=17-20 per group). Some rats from each group (n=5-6) were euthanized one week later to measure autoradiographic [H]PK-11195 binding, an indicator of microglial reactivity, and the remainder (n=11-14 per group) were tested in adulthood in 2-bottle choice, followed by nicotine self-administration using an incremental fixed ratio (FR) schedule with Sacc/EtOH and water concurrently available.

Results: Isolation housing increased adolescent intake of Sacc/EtOH, but the increase did not produce an observable neuroimmunological response in brain. Adolescent EtOH exposure adult intake of both Sacc/EtOH and unsweetened EtOH, with isolate-housed rats showing a greater effect than group-housed rats. In the co-use model, a cross-price economic demand analysis revealed a substitutional relationship between Sacc/EtOH and nicotine, but no effect of adolescent Sacc/EtOH exposure. Compared to group-housed rats, isolate-housed rats were more sensitive to the changing price of nicotine and showed greater substitutability of Sacc/EtOH for nicotine.

Conclusion: The current results suggest that adolescent EtOH exposure , with or without isolation stress, does not likely explain the enhanced risk for either alcohol or nicotine use later in life.

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