Updates and Emerging Trends in the Management of Immune-related Adverse Events Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy

Overview

Journal Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs

Publisher Elsevier

Date 2024 Sep 5

PMID 39234578

Authors

Ninh M La-Beck

Jesuwapelumi Owoso

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The rapidly expanding class of therapies targeting immune checkpoints for the treatment of various cancers now includes 8 clinically approved agents: a lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) inhibitor (relatlimab), a cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor (ipilimumab), three programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab and cemiplimab), and three programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors (atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab). Previously, we reviewed the mechanisms of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), strategies for management of irAEs, and highlighted similarities as well as differences amongst clinical guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC), and European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO). Herein, we provide an update that includes discussion of changes to these clinical guidelines since our last review, the new LAG-3 targeted agents, emerging patterns of irAEs, and new directions for improved monitoring and treatment of irAEs that could incorporate interdisciplinary pharmacist-led teams, artificial intelligence, and pharmacogenomics.

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