Eosinophil Extracellular Traps in Respiratory Ailment: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Clinical Translation

Overview

Journal World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg

Date 2024 Sep 5

PMID 39233861

Authors

Shun-Yu Wu

Bo-Yu Cai

Tian-Yu Wang

Zhi-Wen Cao

Hu Peng

Huan-Hai Liu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Eosinophilic extracellular traps (EETs) are reticular complexes comprising deoxyribonucleic-Acid (DNA) fibers and granule proteins.

Aims: EETs play a crucial role in antimicrobial host responses and are pathogenic when overproduced or under degraded. EETs created by eosinophils appear to enable vital immune responses against extra-cellular pathogens, nevertheless, trap overproduction is evident in pathology.

Materials & Methods: As considerably research is performed, new data affirmed that EETs can alter the outcome of respiratory ailment.

Results: We probe into the disclosure and specificity of EETs produced in reaction to various stimuli and propose a role for those frameworks in ailment pathogenesis and the establishment of chronic, unresolved inflammation.

Discussion: Whether EETs can be used as a prospective brand-new target for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of respiratory ailments is a scientific theme worth studying.

Conclusion: We probe into the disclosure and specificity of EETs produced in reaction to various stimuli and propose a role for those frameworks in ailment pathogenesis and the establishment of chronic, unresolved inflammation.

References

Lara-Sanchez H, Vallejo L . Eosinophilic Otitis Media. N Engl J Med. 2017; 376(7):e10. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm1510852. View

Willetts L, Felix L, Jacobsen E, Puttagunta L, Condjella R, Zellner K . Vesicle-associated membrane protein 7-mediated eosinophil degranulation promotes allergic airway inflammation in mice. Commun Biol. 2018; 1:83. PMC: 6123774. DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0081-z. View

Germic N, Fettrelet T, Stojkov D, Hosseini A, Horn M, Karaulov A . The Release Kinetics of Eosinophil Peroxidase and Mitochondrial DNA Is Different in Association with Eosinophil Extracellular Trap Formation. Cells. 2021; 10(2). PMC: 7913244. DOI: 10.3390/cells10020306. View

Weller P, Wang H, Melo R . The Charcot-Leyden crystal protein revisited-A lysopalmitoylphospholipase and more. J Leukoc Biol. 2020; 108(1):105-112. PMC: 9269718. DOI: 10.1002/JLB.3MR0320-319RR. View

Dvorak A, Weller P . Ultrastructural analysis of human eosinophils. Chem Immunol. 2000; 76:1-28. DOI: 10.1159/000058790. View

Slavin R . Sinusitis: viral, bacterial, or fungal and what is the role of Staph?. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2006; 27(6):447-50. DOI: 10.2500/aap.2006.27.2890. View

Muniz V, Silva J, Braga Y, Melo R, Ueki S, Takeda M . Eosinophils release extracellular DNA traps in response to Aspergillus fumigatus. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017; 141(2):571-585.e7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.048. View

Serhan C, Chiang N, Dalli J . The resolution code of acute inflammation: Novel pro-resolving lipid mediators in resolution. Semin Immunol. 2015; 27(3):200-15. PMC: 4515371. DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.03.004. View

Branzk N, Papayannopoulos V . Molecular mechanisms regulating NETosis in infection and disease. Semin Immunopathol. 2013; 35(4):513-30. PMC: 3685711. DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0384-6. View

10.

Simon D, Hoesli S, Roth N, Staedler S, Yousefi S, Simon H . Eosinophil extracellular DNA traps in skin diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011; 127(1):194-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.11.002. View

11.

Persson C, Uller L . Primary lysis of eosinophils as a major mode of activation of eosinophils in human diseased tissues. Nat Rev Immunol. 2013; 13(12):902. DOI: 10.1038/nri3341-c1. View

12.

Brinkmann V, Zychlinsky A . Beneficial suicide: why neutrophils die to make NETs. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007; 5(8):577-82. DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro1710. View

13.

Persson C, Erjefalt J . "Ultimate activation" of eosinophils in vivo: lysis and release of clusters of free eosinophil granules (Cfegs). Thorax. 1997; 52(6):569-74. PMC: 1758581. DOI: 10.1136/thx.52.6.569. View

14.

Singh D, Kolsum U, Brightling C, Locantore N, Agusti A, Tal-Singer R . Eosinophilic inflammation in COPD: prevalence and clinical characteristics. Eur Respir J. 2014; 44(6):1697-700. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00162414. View

15.

Scepek S, Moqbel R, Lindau M . Compound exocytosis and cumulative degranulation by eosinophils and their role in parasite killing. Parasitol Today. 1994; 10(7):276-8. DOI: 10.1016/0169-4758(94)90146-5. View

16.

Tan B, Li Q, Suh L, Kato A, Conley D, Chandra R . Evidence for intranasal antinuclear autoantibodies in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011; 128(6):1198-1206.e1. PMC: 3384688. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.08.037. View

17.

Yousefi S, Gold J, Andina N, Lee J, Kelly A, Kozlowski E . Catapult-like release of mitochondrial DNA by eosinophils contributes to antibacterial defense. Nat Med. 2008; 14(9):949-53. DOI: 10.1038/nm.1855. View

18.

Erjefalt J, Greiff L, Andersson M, Adelroth E, Jeffery P, Persson C . Degranulation patterns of eosinophil granulocytes as determinants of eosinophil driven disease. Thorax. 2001; 56(5):341-4. PMC: 1746051. DOI: 10.1136/thorax.56.5.341. View

19.

Tomassen P, Vandeplas G, Van Zele T, Cardell L, Arebro J, Olze H . Inflammatory endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis based on cluster analysis of biomarkers. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016; 137(5):1449-1456.e4. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1324. View

20.

Germic N, Stojkov D, Oberson K, Yousefi S, Simon H . Neither eosinophils nor neutrophils require ATG5-dependent autophagy for extracellular DNA trap formation. Immunology. 2017; 152(3):517-525. PMC: 5629432. DOI: 10.1111/imm.12790. View