The Correlation Between the Thyroid Function and Urinary Iodine/creatinine Ratio of Pregnant Women Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Beijing, China, During Different Trimesters

Overview

Journal BMC Endocr Disord

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2024 Sep 1

PMID 39218892

Authors

Xiao-Yan Guo

Yan Long

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated the correlation between thyroid function and urinary iodine/creatinine ratio (UI/Cr) in pregnant women during different trimesters and explored potential influencing factors.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and UI/Cr were measured in 450 pregnant women. Correlations were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. Subgroup analyses were performed based on age, body mass index (BMI), parity, gestational age, education, occupation, and family history of thyroid disorders.

Results: UI/Cr was positively correlated with FT4 levels in the first and second trimesters, particularly in women with older age, higher BMI, multiparity, higher education, and employment. No significant correlations were found between UI/Cr and TSH or FT3 levels.

Conclusion: UI/Cr is positively correlated with FT4 levels in early pregnancy, especially in women with certain risk factors. Regular monitoring of iodine status and thyroid function is recommended for pregnant women to ensure optimal maternal and fetal health.

References

Baloch Z, Carayon P, Conte-Devolx B, Demers L, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Henry J . Laboratory medicine practice guidelines. Laboratory support for the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disease. Thyroid. 2003; 13(1):3-126. DOI: 10.1089/105072503321086962. View

Korevaar T, Muetzel R, Medici M, Chaker L, Jaddoe V, de Rijke Y . Association of maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy with offspring IQ and brain morphology in childhood: a population-based prospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015; 4(1):35-43. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00327-7. View

Farebrother J, Zimmermann M, Andersson M . Excess iodine intake: sources, assessment, and effects on thyroid function. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2019; 1446(1):44-65. DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14041. View

Fitzpatrick D, Russell M . Diagnosis and management of thyroid disease in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2010; 37(2):173-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2010.02.007. View

Glinoer D . The regulation of thyroid function during normal pregnancy: importance of the iodine nutrition status. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 18(2):133-52. DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2004.03.001. View

Stagnaro-Green A . Thyroid antibodies and miscarriage: where are we at a generation later?. J Thyroid Res. 2011; 2011:841949. PMC: 3112530. DOI: 10.4061/2011/841949. View

Chen X, Wu C, Wang Z, Wu C, Guo Y, Zhu X . Iodine nutrition status and thyroid autoimmunity during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study of 4635 pregnant women. Nutr J. 2022; 21(1):7. PMC: 8801104. DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00760-6. View

Rebagliato M, Murcia M, Espada M, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Bolumar F, Vioque J . Iodine intake and maternal thyroid function during pregnancy. Epidemiology. 2009; 21(1):62-9. DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181c1592b. View

Delange F, Burgi H, Chen Z, Dunn J . World status of monitoring iodine deficiency disorders control programs. Thyroid. 2002; 12(10):915-24. DOI: 10.1089/105072502761016557. View

10.

Thorpe-Beeston J, Nicolaides K, Felton C, Butler J, McGregor A . Maturation of the secretion of thyroid hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone in the fetus. N Engl J Med. 1991; 324(8):532-6. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199102213240805. View

11.

Vanderpump M, Tunbridge W, French J, Appleton D, Bates D, Clark F . The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham Survey. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1995; 43(1):55-68. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1995.tb01894.x. View

12.

Gowachirapant S, Jaiswal N, Melse-Boonstra A, Galetti V, Stinca S, MacKenzie I . Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnant women on child neurodevelopment: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017; 5(11):853-863. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30332-7. View

13.

Leung A, Braverman L . Consequences of excess iodine. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2013; 10(3):136-42. PMC: 3976240. DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2013.251. View

14.

Thangaratinam S, Tan A, Knox E, Kilby M, Franklyn J, Coomarasamy A . Association between thyroid autoantibodies and miscarriage and preterm birth: meta-analysis of evidence. BMJ. 2011; 342:d2616. PMC: 3089879. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d2616. View

15.

Glinoer D, DE NAYER P, Delange F, Lemone M, Toppet V, Spehl M . A randomized trial for the treatment of mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy: maternal and neonatal effects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995; 80(1):258-69. DOI: 10.1210/jcem.80.1.7829623. View

16.

Charlton K, Gemming L, Yeatman H, Ma G . Suboptimal iodine status of Australian pregnant women reflects poor knowledge and practices related to iodine nutrition. Nutrition. 2010; 26(10):963-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.08.016. View

17.

Shrestha U, Gautam N, Agrawal K, Jha A, Jayan A . Iodine Status among Subclinical and Overt Hypothyroid Patients by Urinary Iodine Assay: A Case-Control Study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2017; 21(5):719-723. PMC: 5628543. DOI: 10.4103/ijem.IJEM_413_16. View

18.

Konig F, Andersson M, Hotz K, Aeberli I, Zimmermann M . Ten repeat collections for urinary iodine from spot samples or 24-hour samples are needed to reliably estimate individual iodine status in women. J Nutr. 2011; 141(11):2049-54. DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.144071. View

19.

Shi X, Han C, Li C, Mao J, Wang W, Xie X . Optimal and safe upper limits of iodine intake for early pregnancy in iodine-sufficient regions: a cross-sectional study of 7190 pregnant women in China. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015; 100(4):1630-8. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-3704. View

20.

Andersen S, Karmisholt J, Pedersen K, Laurberg P . Reliability of studies of iodine intake and recommendations for number of samples in groups and in individuals. Br J Nutr. 2007; 99(4):813-8. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114507842292. View