Surface Markers and Chemokines/Cytokines of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Osteosarcoma and Other Carcinoma Microenviornments-Contradictions and Comparisons

Overview

Journal Cancers (Basel)

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Oncology

Date 2024 Aug 29

PMID 39199574

Authors

Rikito Tatsuno

Yoshihiro Komohara

Cheng Pan

Tomonori Kawasaki

Atsushi Enomoto

Takahiro Jubashi

Hiroyuki Kono

Masanori Wako

Tomoyuki Ashizawa

Hirotaka Haro

Jiro Ichikawa

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. Prognosis is improving with advances in multidisciplinary treatment strategies, but the development of new anticancer agents has not, and improvement in prognosis for patients with pulmonary metastases has stalled. In recent years, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has gained attention as a therapeutic target for cancer. The immune component of OS TME consists mainly of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). They exhibit remarkable plasticity, and their phenotype is influenced by the TME. In general, surface markers such as CD68 and CD80 show anti-tumor effects, while CD163 and CD204 show tumor-promoting effects. Surface markers have potential value as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The cytokines and chemokines produced by TAMs promote tumor growth and metastasis. However, the role of TAMs in OS remains unclear to date. In this review, we describe the role of TAMs in OS by focusing on TAM surface markers and the TAM-produced cytokines and chemokines in the TME, and by comparing their behaviors in other carcinomas. We found contrary results from different studies. These findings highlight the urgency for further research in this field to improve the stalled OS prognosis percentages.

Citing Articles

NF-κB signaling and the tumor microenvironment in osteosarcoma: implications for immune evasion and therapeutic resistance.

Shi S, Ou X, Liu C, Li R, Zheng Q, Hu L Front Immunol. 2025; 16:1518664.

PMID: 39949765 PMC: 11821961. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1518664.

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