First Detection of Kdr L1014F Allele in Anopheles Ziemanni and Anopheles Pharoensis in Cameroon and Distribution of the Allele in Members of the Anopheles Gambiae Complex

Overview

Journal Parasit Vectors

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialties Parasitology
Tropical Medicine

Date 2024 Aug 27

PMID 39192348

Authors

Marie Paul Audrey Mayi

Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio

Roland Bamou

Claudia Damiani

Alessia Cappelli

Borel Djiappi-Tchamen

Landre Djamouko-Djonkam

Mahdokht Ilbeigi Khamseh Nejad

Verena Pichler

Irene Ricci

Guido Favia

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Knockdown resistance (kdr) is one of the primary resistance mechanisms present in anopheline species. Although this mutation is largely spread across the Anopheles gambiae s.l. members, its prevalence in other species is still not well documented.

Methods: The present study investigated the distribution and allelic frequencies of kdr in An. gambiae s.l., An. pharoensis, and An. ziemanni samples collected in 2022 and 2023 in nine sites spread across five ecogeographical settings in Cameroon. Members of the An. gambiae complex were identified molecularly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). kdr L1014F and L1014S alleles were screened by PCR and confirmed by sequencing.

Results: An. gambiae (49.9%), An. coluzzii (36.5%), and An. arabiensis (13%) were identified, and the frequency of the kdr L1014F was high in both An. gambiae and An. coluzzii in all sites. The kdr L1014F allele was detected for the first time in 8 out of 14 An. ziemanni samples examined and in 5 out of 22 An. pharoensis samples examined. The kdr L1014S allele was scarce and found only in the heterozygote "RS" state in An. arabiensis and An. gambiae in Yangah and Santchou.

Conclusions: The present study sheds light on the rapid expansion of the kdr L1014F allele in malaria vectors in Cameroon and stresses the need for surveillance activities also targeting secondary malaria vectors to improve the control of malaria transmission.

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