Addressing Depression and Comorbid Health Conditions Through Solution-focused Brief Therapy in an Integrated Care Setting: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Overview

Journal BMC Prim Care

Specialties Health Services
Public Health

Date 2024 Aug 23

PMID 39179982

Authors

Zach W Cooper

Orion Mowbray

Mohammed K Ali

Leslie C M Johnson

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Co-occurring physical and mental health conditions are common, but effective and sustainable interventions are needed for primary care settings.

Purpose: Our paper analyzes the effectiveness of a Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) intervention for treating depression and co-occurring health conditions in primary care. We hypothesized that individuals receiving the SFBT intervention would have statistically significant reductions in depressive and anxiety symptoms, systolic blood pressure (SBP), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), and body mass index (BMI) when compared to those in the control group. Additionally, we hypothesized that the SFBT group would have increased well-being scores compared to the control group.

Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted at a rural federally qualified health center. Eligible participants scored ≥ 10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and met criteria for co-occurring health conditions (hypertension, obesity, diabetes) evidenced by chart review. SFBT participants (n = 40) received three SFBT interventions over three weeks in addition to treatment as usual (TAU). The control group (n = 40) received TAU over three weeks. Measures included depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7), well-being (Human Flourishing Index), and SFBT scores, along with physical health outcomes (blood pressure, body mass index, and hemoglobin A1c).

Results: Of 80 consented participants, 69 completed all measures and were included in the final analysis. 80% identified as female and the mean age was 38.1 years (SD = 14.5). Most participants were white (72%) followed by Hispanic (15%) and Black (13%). When compared to TAU, SFBT intervention participants had significantly greater reductions in depression (baseline: M = 18.17, SD = 3.97, outcome: M = 9.71, SD = 3.71) and anxiety (baseline: M = 14.69, SD = 4.9, outcome: M = 8.43, SD = 3.79). SFBT intervention participants also had significantly increased well-being scores (baseline: M = 58.37, SD = 16.36, outcome: M = 73.43, SD = 14.70) when compared to TAU. Changes in BMI and blood pressure were not statistically significant.

Conclusion: The SFBT intervention demonstrated efficacy in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms and increasing well-being but did not affect cardio-metabolic parameters over a short period of intervention.

Trial Registration: The study was pre-registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05838222 on 4/20/2023. *M = Mean, SD = Standard deviation.

Citing Articles

Strategies for Fidelity Monitoring a Solution-Focused Brief Intervention in a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Cooper Z, Johnson L J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2025; .

PMID: 39873935 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-025-10063-7.

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