Effect of the Implementation of a Multiple-Behavior Self-Monitoring Intervention on Dietary Intake in Type 2 Diabetes: Secondary Data Analysis

Overview

Journal JMIR Form Res

Publisher JMIR Publications

Specialty Biomedical Engineering

Date 2024 Aug 20

PMID 39163595

Authors

Jisook Ko

Jing Wang

Ngozi Mbue

Susan Schembre

Stanley Cron

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: An electronic diary embedded in a mobile device to monitor lifestyle can be as effective as traditional methods. However, the efficacy of self-monitoring multiple behaviors for dietary intake has not been well studied in people with diabetes.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effect of using technology-assisted self-monitoring versus paper diaries on changes in dietary intake.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data collected from 39 people with type 2 diabetes as part of a 3-month pilot clinical trial. Changes in energy intake and the contribution of total fat intake and total carbohydrate intake to total calories (%) from baseline to after intervention (3 months) were evaluated.

Results: In total, 26 (67%) of the 39 participants preferred mobile diaries over paper diaries. Participants in the mobile diary group showed slightly higher self-monitoring adherence. Linear mixed modeling results indicated a significant overall decrease in total energy intake (P=.005), dietary fat intake (P=.01), and carbohydrate intake (P=.08) from baseline to 3 months. No significant group differences were detected (P>.05).

Conclusions: The implementation of a 3-month, multiple-behavior, self-monitoring intervention in Diabetes Self-Management Education programs has resulted in successful reduction in dietary intake (energy, fat, and carbohydrate), whichever self-monitoring method is chosen by participants according to their preferences. Long-term studies are needed to confirm our findings on dietary intake and examine other behavioral and disease outcomes that require monitoring.

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