The Emergence of Metronidazole-resistant Harboring Gene in Japan

Overview

Journal Microbiol Spectr

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2024 Aug 20

PMID 39162532

Authors

Yukitaka Ito

Yusuke Hashimoto

Masato Suzuki

Naomi Kaneko

Mieko Yoshida

Haruo Nakayama

Haruyoshi Tomita

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Importance: Metronidazole (MTZ) is an important antimicrobial agent in anaerobic infections and is widely used in clinical settings. The rate of MTZ resistance in anaerobic bacteria has been increasing in recent years, and the gene (nitro-imidazole reductase) is one of the resistance mechanisms. is found in humans in the urinary tract and vagina and is known to cause infections in some cases. One of the genes, , has recently been discovered in this species of bacteria, but there are no reports of antimicrobial resistance (AMR)-related regions in its whole genome level. In this study, we analyzed the AMR region of -positive derived from clinical specimens based on comparisons with other anaerobic genomes. was found to be engaged in horizontal gene transfer with other anaerobic bacteria, and the future spread of the gene is a concern.

References

Lofmark S, Edlund C, Nord C . Metronidazole is still the drug of choice for treatment of anaerobic infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2010; 50 Suppl 1:S16-23. DOI: 10.1086/647939. View

Trinh S, Reysset G . Detection by PCR of the nim genes encoding 5-nitroimidazole resistance in Bacteroides spp. J Clin Microbiol. 1996; 34(9):2078-84. PMC: 229193. DOI: 10.1128/jcm.34.9.2078-2084.1996. View

Veloo A, Baas W, Haan F, Coco J, Rossen J . Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes in Bacteroides spp. and Prevotella spp. Dutch clinical isolates. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019; 25(9):1156.e9-1156.e13. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.02.017. View

Katsandri A, Avlamis A, Pantazatou A, Houhoula D, Papaparaskevas J . Dissemination of nim-class genes, encoding nitroimidazole resistance, among different species of Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria isolated in Athens, Greece. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006; 58(3):705-6. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkl285. View

Kononen E, Gursoy U . Oral Species and Their Connection to Events of Clinical Relevance in Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Tracts. Front Microbiol. 2022; 12:798763. PMC: 8770924. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.798763. View

Boiten K, Kuijper E, Schuele L, van Prehn J, Bode L, Maat I . Characterization of mobile genetic elements in multidrug-resistant Bacteroides fragilis isolates from different hospitals in the Netherlands. Anaerobe. 2023; 81:102722. DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102722. View

Veloo A, Chlebowicz M, Winter H, Bathoorn D, Rossen J . Three metronidazole-resistant Prevotella bivia strains harbour a mobile element, encoding a novel nim gene, nimK, and an efflux small MDR transporter. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018; 73(10):2687-2690. PMC: 6148209. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky236. View

Haggoud A, Reysset G, Azeddoug H, Sebald M . Nucleotide sequence analysis of two 5-nitroimidazole resistance determinants from Bacteroides strains and of a new insertion sequence upstream of the two genes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994; 38(5):1047-51. PMC: 188148. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.38.5.1047. View

Peng Y, Cai X, Li M, Deng L, Wang Y, Qiu Y . The first completed genome of species Prevotella bivia, assembled from a clinically derived strain PLW0727. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2023; 35:268-270. DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.10.009. View

10.

Yokoyama S, Hayashi M, Goto T, Muto Y, Tanaka K . Identification of cfxA gene variants and susceptibility patterns in β-lactamase-producing Prevotella strains. Anaerobe. 2022; 79:102688. DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102688. View

11.

Wybo I, Van den Bossche D, Soetens O, Vekens E, Vandoorslaer K, Claeys G . Fourth Belgian multicentre survey of antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013; 69(1):155-61. PMC: 3861333. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt344. View

12.

Alauzet C, Lozniewski A, Marchandin H . Metronidazole resistance and nim genes in anaerobes: A review. Anaerobe. 2018; 55:40-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.10.004. View

13.

Sevillano G, Paz Y Mino A, Solis M, Vaca J, Zurita-Salinas C, Zurita J . First Report of Antibiotic Resistance Markers A and Among Group Strains in Ecuadorian Patients. Microb Drug Resist. 2023; 29(11):533-539. DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0125. View

14.

Breuil J, Dublanchet A, Truffaut N, Sebald M . Transferable 5-nitroimidazole resistance in the Bacteroides fragilis group. Plasmid. 1989; 21(2):151-4. DOI: 10.1016/0147-619x(89)90060-7. View

15.

Coyne M, Levy Zitomersky N, Manson McGuire A, Earl A, Comstock L . Evidence of extensive DNA transfer between bacteroidales species within the human gut. mBio. 2014; 5(3):e01305-14. PMC: 4073490. DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01305-14. View