Psychological Resilience, Athletic Experience, and Competitive Level of Judokas. A Transversal Study

Overview

Journal Front Psychol

Date 2024 Aug 15

PMID 39144597

Authors

Maria Garrido-Munoz

Cecilia Blanco-Garcia

Ignacio Diez-Vega

Sonia Garcia-Merino

Jorge Acebes-Sanchez

Gabriel Rodriguez-Romo

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: While there is agreement on the positive link between psychological resilience and athletic performance, conclusive findings regarding the association between psychological resilience and other variables of interest (for example, age, gender, type of sport, or competitive level) remain elusive.

Objective: The study aimed to assess psychological resilience levels among judokas and explore potential associations with demographic factors, judo experience and competitive level.

Methods: A total of 702 judokas (469 men and 233 women) participated in the study, of whom 194 (27.6%) were classified as TOP by their competitive level. Psychological resilience was evaluated using the Spanish version of the (CD-RISC 10), with a score range from 0 to 40. Independent -test and Pearson's coefficient were used for bivariate analysis. A two-way non-parametric ANCOVA was carried out to analyse the impact of gender and competitive level on psychological resilience.

Results: The judokas showed total mean scores in the CD-RISC 10 of 33.08 points (SD = 4.79), considered high. Levels of psychological resilience were significantly higher among men (33.36 ± 4.76) than women (32.53 ± 4.80) and were positively correlated with age and number of years practicing and competing in Judo ( = 0.019). Judokas with a higher competitive level (TOP judokas) showed significantly higher levels of resilience than the others (non-TOP judokas) ( < 0.001). These differences in resilience according to competitive level persisted, among both men and women, when adjusting the model of analysis (two-way ANCOVA) for all variables considered in the study, although with a small effect size.

Conclusion: The results suggest that the practice of Judo, especially over long periods of time, is associated with high scores in psychological resilience. Furthermore, psychological resilience appears to be a differentiating variable among judokas at a high-competitive level, and its evaluation and development using different strategies based on age and gender should be considered by trainers and psychologists.

References

Lundman B, Strandberg G, Eisemann M, Gustafson Y, Brulin C . Psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Resilience Scale. Scand J Caring Sci. 2007; 21(2):229-37. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2007.00461.x. View

Windle G, Bennett K, Noyes J . A methodological review of resilience measurement scales. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2011; 9:8. PMC: 3042897. DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-9-8. View

Hussain T, Wang D, Li B . Psychological resilience in athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative insight. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2023; 240:104050. DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104050. View

Kavcic T, Zager Kocjan G, Dolenc P . Measurement invariance of the CD-RISC-10 across gender, age, and education: A study with Slovenian adults. Curr Psychol. 2021; 42(3):1727-1737. PMC: 7945969. DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01564-3. View

Portzky M, Wagnild G, De Bacquer D, Audenaert K . Psychometric evaluation of the Dutch Resilience Scale RS-nl on 3265 healthy participants: a confirmation of the association between age and resilience found with the Swedish version. Scand J Caring Sci. 2010; 24 Suppl 1:86-92. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2010.00841.x. View

Pulido-Martos M, Fernandez-Sanchez M, Lopez-Zafra E . Measurement invariance across gender and age in the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a Spanish general population. Qual Life Res. 2019; 29(5):1373-1384. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02389-1. View

Luthar S, Cicchetti D, Becker B . The construct of resilience: a critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Dev. 2000; 71(3):543-62. PMC: 1885202. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8624.00164. View

Rodriguez-Rey R, Alonso-Tapia J, Hernansaiz-Garrido H . Reliability and validity of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) Spanish Version. Psychol Assess. 2015; 28(5):e101-e110. DOI: 10.1037/pas0000191. View

Meggs J, Golby J, Mallett C, Gucciardi D, Polman R . The Cortisol Awakening Response and Resilience in Elite Swimmers. Int J Sports Med. 2015; 37(2):169-74. DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1559773. View

10.

Connor K, Davidson J . Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003; 18(2):76-82. DOI: 10.1002/da.10113. View

11.

Gupta S, McCarthy P . The sporting resilience model: A systematic review of resilience in sport performers. Front Psychol. 2023; 13:1003053. PMC: 9811683. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1003053. View

12.

Rodriguez-Romo G, Blanco-Garcia C, Diez-Vega I, Acebes-Sanchez J . Emotional Intelligence of Undergraduate Athletes: The Role of Sports Experience. Front Psychol. 2021; 12:609154. PMC: 7875876. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.609154. View

13.

Harman B, Dessart G, Puke L, Antonini Philippe R . Coping and Resilience Among Endurance Athletes During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol. 2022; 13:811499. PMC: 9161140. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.811499. View

14.

Notario-Pacheco B, Solera-Martinez M, Serrano-Parra M, Bartolome-Gutierrez R, Garcia-Campayo J, Martinez-Vizcaino V . Reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10-item CD-RISC) in young adults. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2011; 9:63. PMC: 3173284. DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-9-63. View

15.

Antunez J, Navarro J, Adan A . Circadian typology is related to resilience and optimism in healthy adults. Chronobiol Int. 2015; 32(4):524-30. DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1008700. View

16.

Blanco-Garcia C, Acebes-Sanchez J, Rodriguez-Romo G, Mon-Lopez D . Resilience in Sports: Sport Type, Gender, Age and Sport Level Differences. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(15). PMC: 8346010. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158196. View

17.

Codonhato R, Rubio V, Oliveira P, Resende C, Rosa B, Pujals C . Resilience, stress and injuries in the context of the Brazilian elite rhythmic gymnastics. PLoS One. 2019; 13(12):e0210174. PMC: 6312305. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210174. View

18.

Campbell-Sills L, Stein M . Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Connor-davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): Validation of a 10-item measure of resilience. J Trauma Stress. 2007; 20(6):1019-28. DOI: 10.1002/jts.20271. View

19.

Rossi C, Roklicer R, Tubic T, Bianco A, Gentile A, Manojlovic M . The Role of Psychological Factors in Judo: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(4). PMC: 8871700. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042093. View

20.

Sarkar M, Fletcher D . Psychological resilience in sport performers: a review of stressors and protective factors. J Sports Sci. 2014; 32(15):1419-34. DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.901551. View