CA125 Outperforms NT-proBNP in the Prediction of Maximum Aerobic Capacity in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Kidney Dysfunction

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) often coexists with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Exercise intolerance is a major determinant of quality of life and morbidity in both scenarios. We aimed to evaluate the associations between N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) with maximal aerobic capacity (peak VO) in ambulatory HFpEF and whether these associations were influenced by kidney function.

Methods: This single-centre study prospectively enrolled 133 patients with HFpEF who performed maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Patients were stratified across estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) categories (<60 ml/min/1.73 m versus ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m).

Results: The mean age of the sample was 73.2 ± 10.5 years and 56.4% were female. The median of peak VO was 11.0 ml/kg/min (interquartile range 9.0-13.0). A total of 67 (50.4%) patients had an eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m. Those patients had higher levels of NT-proBNP and lower peak VO, without differences in CA125. In the whole sample, NT-proBNP and CA125 were inversely correlated with peak VO ( = -0.43,  < .001 and  = -0.22,  = .010, respectively). After multivariate analysis, we found a differential association between NT-proBNP and peak VO across eGFR strata ( for interaction = .045). In patients with an eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m, higher NT-proBNP identified patients with poorer maximal functional capacity. In individuals with eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m, NT-proBNP was not significantly associated with peak VO [β = 0.02 (95% confidence interval -0.19-0.23),  = .834]. Higher CA125 was linear and significantly associated with worse functional capacity without evidence of heterogeneity across eGFR strata ( for interaction = .620).

Conclusions: In patients with stable HFpEF, NT-proBNP was not associated with maximal functional capacity when CKD was present. CA125 emerged as a useful biomarker for estimating effort intolerance in HFpEF irrespective of the presence of CKD.